西南山区县域大气污染源排放特征——以景谷傣族彝族自治县为例

Characteristics of Air Pollution Source Emissions in Counties of Southwest Mountainous Areas—A Case Study of Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County

摘要: 县域尺度大气污染源清单是实施精准、科学治污的基础，对地形复杂、扩散条件差的山区尤为重要。本研究以云南省典型山区——景谷傣族彝族自治县为对象，依据《大气污染物与温室气体融合排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》，构建了2023年高分辨率大气人为污染源及温室气体排放清单。清单涵盖化石燃料固定燃烧、工艺过程、移动源、溶剂使用、农业源、扬尘、生物质燃烧、储存运输、废弃物处理及餐饮源共十大类源，核算了SO₂、NOx、CO、VOCs、NH₃、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、BC、OC及CO₂、CH₄、N₂O共12种污染物。结果表明：2023年景谷傣族彝族自治县SO₂、NOx、VOCs、PM_2.5排放总量分别为651.02、1841.60、1536.91和768.39吨。工业过程源是SO₂ (72.95%)、Nox (51.75%)、VOCs (71.35%)和PM_2.5 (59.15%)的首要贡献源；农业源是NH₃的绝对主导源(93.71%)；生物质燃烧对PM_2.5 (32.88%)和OC (91.65%)贡献突出；移动源则是CO₂ (33.20%)和Nox (28.63%)的重要来源。空间上，工业源高度集中于威远镇、正兴镇等产业集聚区，而农业源与生物质燃烧源则呈面状广泛分布。本研究结果有助于厘清景谷傣族彝族自治县本地大气污染物的污染源，为境外输送影响过程下的本地污染源管控提供科学依据与决策支持。

Abstract: The county-level air pollution source list is the basis for the implementation of precise and scientific pollution control, which is especially important for mountainous areas with complex terrain and poor diffusion conditions. In this study, a typical mountainous county in Yunnan Province, Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County, constructed a high-resolution atmospheric anthropogenic pollution source and greenhouse gas emission inventory in 2023 based on the “Technical Guidelines for the Compilation of Air Pollutant and Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (Trial)”. The list covers ten major sources, including stationary combustion of fossil fuels, processes, mobile sources, solvent use, agricultural sources, dust, biomass combustion, storage and transportation, waste treatment and catering sources, and accounts for a total of 12 pollutants such as SO₂, NOx, CO, VOCs, NH₃, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, BC, OC, CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O. The results showed that the total SO₂, NOx, VOCs, and PM_2.5 emissions in Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County in 2023 were 651.02, 1841.60, 1536.91, and 768.39 tons, respectively. Industrial process sources are the primary contributors to SO₂ (72.95%), NOx (51.75%), VOCs (71.35%) and PM_2.5 (59.15%). Agricultural sources were the absolute dominant source of NH₃ (93.71%). Biomass combustion contributed significantly to PM_2.5 (32.88%) and OC (91.65%). Mobile sources are an important source of CO₂ (33.20%) and NOx (28.63%). Spatially, industrial sources are highly concentrated in industrial agglomeration areas such as Weiyuan Town and Zhengxing Town, while agricultural sources and biomass combustion sources are widely distributed. The results of this study are helpful to clarify the pollution sources of local air pollutants in Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County, and provide a scientific basis and decision-making support for the control of local pollution sources under the influence of overseas transportation.