论债权多重让与的确权规则

On the Confirmation Rules for Multiple Assignments of Creditor’s Rights

摘要: 自《民法典》施行以来，我国债权多重让与的确权规则存在“单轨制”和“双轨制”的争议，《民法典合同编通则司法解释》第50条也未明确债权多重让与的确权规则。故笔者尝试梳理债权多重让与确权规则的制度演进，分析其理论基础，探讨了与登记、保理合同等的衔接及相关冲突问题，以求得出结论。笔者认为，通过对现行立法的梳理，单轨制(通知优先模式和登记优先模式相结合)较双轨制更适合目前的实证法和中国国情，其不仅具有可行性、合法性及合理性，还能降低市场风险，激发市场活力，应成为我国债权多重让与的确权规则。同时，本文提出优化登记检索及完善应收账款登记系统、强化债务人信息披露义务、限定债务人法律责任等完善建议。

Abstract: Since the Civil Code came into effect, there has been a controversy between the “single-track system” and the “double-track system” regarding the confirmation rules for multiple assignments of creditor’s rights in China. Article 50 of the General Provisions of the Contract Code of the Civil Code Judicial Interpretation also fails to clarify the confirmation rules for multiple assignments of creditor’s rights. Therefore, the author attempts to sort out the institutional evolution of the confirmation rules for multiple assignments of creditor’s rights, analyze its theoretical basis, discuss the connection with registration, factoring contracts, etc., and related conflict issues, in order to draw conclusions. The author believes that through the review of current legislation, the single-track system (a combination of the notice-priority model and the registration-priority model) is more suitable for the current positive law and China’s national conditions than the double-track system. It is not only feasible, legal and reasonable, but also can reduce market risks and stimulate market vitality, and should become the confirmation rule for multiple assignments of creditor’s rights in China. At the same time, this article puts forward improvement suggestions such as optimizing registration retrieval and improving the accounts receivable registration system, strengthening the debtor’s information disclosure obligations, and limiting the debtor’s legal liability.