考虑固定和约束的中国区域水资源利用效率评价研究

Research on Evaluating the Utilization Efficiency of Regional Water Resources in China Considering Fixation and Constraints

摘要: 为了准确掌握中国区域水资源利用效率的空间和时间特征，在区分并明确界定水资源禀赋、地理区位为外生不可控的固定因素，水资源刚性约束、环保规制为内生可控的约束因素(基于区域经济学外生变量理论与规制经济学干预逻辑)的基础上，根据2021~2025年全国31省级行政区域面板数据，基于考虑非合意产出的SBM模型进行测度，并通过熵值法量化固定、约束因素，分析其对效率影响的作用机理。结果表明：中国区域水资源利用效率总体呈上升趋势，五年均值为0.68，仍有32%的提升空间；区域差异显著，呈现“东部领先、中部追赶、西部滞后”的时空格局；固定因素中，水资源禀赋与效率呈负相关(印证“资源诅咒”)，区位差异是东中西部效率分化的重要先天原因；约束因素中，刚性约束与环保规制对效率具有显著正向驱动作用，且环保规制的倒逼效应更强。研究结论可为区域水资源优化配置、差异化政策设计提供参考。

Abstract: To accurately grasp the spatial and temporal characteristics of water resource utilization efficiency in China, based on distinguishing and clearly defining water resource endowments and geographical locations as exogenous uncontrollable fixed factors, and water resource rigid constraints and environmental regulations as endogenous controllable constraints (based on the exogenous variable theory of regional economics and the intervention logic of regulatory economics), this study utilizes panel data from 31 provincial-level administrative regions across the country from 2021 to 2025. It employs the Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model considering undesirable outputs for measurement, and quantifies fixed and constraint factors using the entropy method to analyze their mechanism of action on efficiency. The results indicate that the overall water resource utilization efficiency in China is on an upward trend, with a five-year average of 0.68, indicating a potential improvement space of 32%. There are significant regional differences, exhibiting a spatiotemporal pattern of “the east leading, the middle catching up, and the west lagging behind”. Among the fixed factors, water resource endowments show a negative correlation with efficiency (confirming the “resource curse”), and regional differences are an important inherent reason for the efficiency differentiation among the eastern, central, and western regions. Among the constraint factors, rigid constraints and environmental regulations have a significant positive driving effect on efficiency, with environmental regulations having a stronger forcing effect. The research conclusions can provide references for optimal allocation of regional water resources and differentiated policy design.