改性合成纤维混凝土性能研究综述

A Review of Performance Studies on Modified Synthetic Fiber Concrete

摘要: 传统混凝土材料因抗拉强度低、脆性大、易开裂等固有缺陷，在高性能与长寿命工程结构中的应用受限。合成纤维增强是提升混凝土韧性与耐久性的有效途径，而通过对纤维进行多尺度界面改性，可从根本上优化纤维–水泥基体的协同作用机制。本文系统梳理了改性合成纤维混凝土的研究脉络，从材料固有缺陷与工程需求切入，综述了单掺与混杂纤维混凝土的性能特点与瓶颈；重点阐明了化学接枝、物理刻蚀及复合涂层等主流改性策略的作用机理；归纳了宏观力学测试、微观结构表征与跨尺度数值模拟相结合的系统研究方法；在此基础上，精准剖析了当前领域在纤维分散工艺、长期性能数据与标准化设计方面存在的关键问题；最终，前瞻性地提出了发展智能–绿色协同改性技术、构建极端环境下寿命预测模型、推动标准化与工程数字化应用等未来研究方向。

Abstract: Traditional concrete materials are limited in their application to high-performance and long-life engineering structures due to inherent defects such as low tensile strength, high brittleness, and susceptibility to cracking. Synthetic fiber reinforcement is an effective approach to enhance the toughness and durability of concrete. By applying multi-scale interfacial modifications to the fibers, the synergistic interaction mechanism between the fibers and the cement matrix can be fundamentally optimized. This paper systematically reviews the research framework of modified synthetic fiber concrete. Starting from the material’s inherent defects and engineering requirements, it summarizes the performance characteristics and limitations of concrete incorporating single and hybrid fibers. The mechanisms underlying mainstream modification strategies, such as chemical grafting, physical etching, and composite coating, are elucidated in detail. A systematic research methodology combining macroscopic mechanical testing, microstructural characterization, and cross-scale numerical simulation is outlined. Based on this, key existing challenges in the field are precisely analyzed, including fiber dispersion techniques, long-term performance data, and standardized design. Finally, future research directions are prospectively proposed, such as developing intelligent-green synergistic modification technologies, constructing service life prediction models under extreme environments, and promoting standardization and digital engineering applications.