技术封建主义：数字资本主义的新表象——唯物史观视域下的“技术封建主义”批判

Technological Feudalism: A New Manifestation of Digital Capitalism—A Critique of “Technological Feudalism” from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

摘要: 技术封建主义是西方学者对数字资本主义的批判性描述，该思潮认为数字技术的发展催生了一种新的封建主义形态。这一社会形态的核心特征是科技巨头凭借技术垄断，形成了类似封建领主的地位，掌控着数字基础设施，建立起市场壁垒以限制竞争，而普通用户的数据则被收集和利用，形成了“云农奴”的现象。然而，技术封建主义并未改变资本主义的私有制本质，而是资本主义在数字时代的一种新表现形式，因此并不构成新的社会发展阶段。科技巨头对数字技术和数据资源的控制，反映了资本主义生产关系在数字时代的新特征。批判技术封建主义有助于我国筑牢数字时代意识形态安全防线，为数字经济高质量发展确立科学法治遵循，探索出数字时代推进共同富裕的实践路径。

Abstract: Technological feudalism is a critical description of digital capitalism by Western scholars, positing that the development of digital technology has spawned a new form of feudalism. The core feature of this social structure is that tech giants, leveraging technological monopolies, have attained a status akin to feudal lords. They control digital infrastructure, erect market barriers to restrict competition, and collect and exploit ordinary users’ data, creating a phenomenon of “cloud serfs.” However, technological feudalism does not alter capitalism’s private ownership essence; rather, it represents a new manifestation of capitalism in the digital age and thus does not constitute a new stage of social development. Tech giants’ control over digital technologies and data resources reflects the evolving characteristics of capitalist production relations in the digital era. Critiquing technological feudalism helps China fortify its ideological security defenses in the digital age, establish scientific legal frameworks for high-quality digital economic development, and explore practical pathways to advance common prosperity in the digital era.