网络游戏障碍的核心症状与神经机制研究综述

A Review of Core Symptoms and Neural Mechanisms in Internet Gaming Disorder

摘要: 网络游戏障碍(游戏成瘾)已被世界卫生组织列为独立的精神行为障碍。本文系统梳理了该障碍以“失控性、优先性、持续性与负面后果”为核心的行为症状学表现及其伴随的认知情感特征，并从神经影像学与神经生化角度综述了游戏障碍者在大脑奖赏系统、认知控制网络、情绪调节与决策功能等方面的结构与功能异常。在此基础上，进一步探讨了症状与神经机制之间的关联路径，以及共病状态下的交互神经基础。最后，本文总结了基于心理行为与神经调控的干预现状，并指出现有研究的局限与未来发展方向，以期为深入理解游戏障碍的病理机制、发展生物标志物及推动精准干预提供理论依据。

Abstract: Internet gaming disorder (gaming addiction) has been recognized by the World Health Organization as an independent mental and behavioral disorder. This article systematically reviews the behavioral symptomatology of this disorder, which centers on “loss of control, priority, persistence, and negative consequences,” along with its associated cognitive and affective features. It further summarizes structural and functional abnormalities in the brains of individuals with gaming disorder from neuroimaging and neurobiochemical perspectives, focusing on the reward system, cognitive control networks, emotion regulation, and decision-making functions. Building on this, the article explores the pathways linking symptoms to neural mechanisms, as well as the interactive neural basis in comorbid states. Finally, it reviews the current status of interventions based on psychological-behavioral approaches and neuromodulation, and highlights the limitations of existing research and future directions, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms of gaming disorder, the development of biomarkers, and the advancement of precision interventions.