退役太阳能发电硅板资源化利用研究进展
Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of End-of-Life Silicon-Based Photovoltaic Panels
DOI: 10.12677/sd.2026.162089, PDF,   
作者: 张稼捷：青海华汇新能源有限公司，青海 德令哈；高 超*：昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院，云南 昆明
关键词: 退役光伏组件；硅材料资源化；梯级利用；高值化回收；循环经济；End-of-Life Photovoltaic Modules； Silicon Resource Utilization； Hierarchical Utilization； High-Value Recycling； Circular Economy
摘要: 随着全球光伏装机规模持续增长，退役光伏组件数量快速增加，其资源化利用已成为制约光伏产业绿色可持续发展的关键问题。退役晶硅光伏组件中蕴含大量玻璃、金属及高纯硅资源，其中硅材料的高值化回收对缓解资源约束、降低碳排放具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了退役太阳能发电硅板资源化利用的研究进展，重点围绕硅材料的回收与再利用路径，从材料特性、技术原理及工程适用性角度构建了梯级利用框架。相关路径包括回归光伏与电子材料前端的纯度宽容型利用、材料体系嵌入式的规模化消纳，以及通过结构重构实现向储能材料和功能陶瓷等高附加值产品的转化。进一步分析了当前在标准体系、主体参与和商业模式等方面存在的主要挑战，并从技术、装备、产业链与政策层面提出了未来发展方向。研究表明，通过分级利用策略和多路径协同，有望推动退役光伏硅资源由线性消耗向闭环循环转变，为光伏产业高质量发展和“双碳”目标实现提供重要支撑。
Abstract: With the continuous expansion of global photovoltaic (PV) installations, the number of end-of-life (EoL) PV modules is increasing rapidly, making their recycling and reutilization a critical challenge for the sustainable development of the PV industry. Crystalline silicon PV modules contain large amounts of recoverable glass, metals, and high-purity silicon, among which the high-value utilization of silicon plays a key role in alleviating resource constraints, reducing carbon emissions, and enhancing supply chain resilience. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the resource utilization of retired photovoltaic silicon panels and proposes a hierarchical utilization framework based on material properties, technical principles, and engineering applicability. The reviewed pathways include purity-tolerant reuse of recycled silicon in the upstream photovoltaic and electronic material chains, low-threshold incorporation of recycled silicon into material systems, and high-value upgrading through structural reconstruction into energy storage materials and functional ceramics. The major technical, industrial, and institutional challenges, such as insufficient standards, low stakeholder participation, and immature business models, are further discussed. Finally, future development directions are proposed from the perspectives of technology, equipment, industrial systems, and policy. The results indicate that a graded utilization strategy combined with multi-path coordination can effectively promote the transition of retired photovoltaic silicon resources from linear consumption to closed-loop circulation, thereby supporting the high-quality development of the PV industry and long-term carbon neutrality goals.
文章引用：张稼捷, 高超. 退役太阳能发电硅板资源化利用研究进展[J]. 可持续发展, 2026, 16(2): 378-389. https://doi.org/10.12677/sd.2026.162089

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