1990~2021中国归因于环境颗粒物污染的非传染性疾病负担
Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases Attributable to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution in China, 1990~2021
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.163763, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 董万国：安徽医科大学研究生院，安徽 合肥；张晓宇, 高 健, 杨 旻*：安徽医科大学第二附属医院重症医学二科，安徽 合肥
关键词: 环境颗粒物污染；非传染性疾病；疾病负担；社会人口学指数；Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution； Noncommunicable Diseases； Disease Burden； Socio-Demographic Index
摘要: 目的：分析1990~2021年我国归因于环境颗粒物污染的非传染性疾病负担水平及其变化趋势。方法：本研究基于GBD 2021数据库提取相关数据，采用Joinpoint回归模型计算估计年度变化百分率(EAPC)及95%置信区间(CI)，并与全球不同社会人口指数(SDI)地区对比。结果：2021年，我国归因于环境颗粒物污染的非传染性疾病年龄标准化死亡率与DALY率分别为98.55/10万(95%CI: 68.87~122.00)和1835.02/10万(95%CI: 1286.46~2255.64)；1990~2021年两者均呈明显上升态势，EAPC分别为1.71 (95%CI: 1.28~2.13)和1.77 (95%CI: 1.39~2.15)。2021年我国的疾病负担水平高于全球多数SDI地区。在人群分布方面，男性的疾病负担整体高于女性。从疾病类型来看，心血管疾病为首要的疾病负担来源，糖尿病和肾脏疾病上升最快(死亡率EAPC = 4.92)，慢性呼吸系统疾病呈下降趋势(死亡率EAPC = −1.23)。疾病负担随年龄呈指数级上升，70岁及以上老年人群2021年年龄标准化DALY率和死亡率反超1990年，且该优势随年龄增长而扩大。结论：我国环境颗粒物污染相关的非传染性疾病负担呈上升趋势，且在不同人群与疾病间差异显著，整体已处于全球高位，未来亟需采取精准治理与重点防控以降低负担。
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the burden of noncommunicable diseases attributable to environmental particulate matter pollution in China from 1990 to 2021 and its changing trends. Methods: Data were extracted from the GBD 2021 database. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and 95% confidence interval (CI), with comparisons made across global regions with different Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) levels. Results: In 2021, China’s age-standardized mortality rate and DALY rate attributable to environmental particulate matter pollution were 98.55/100,000 (95% CI: 68.87~122.00) and 1835.02/100,000 (95% CI: 1286.46~2255.64), respectively. Both metrics showed a significant upward trend from 1990 to 2021, with EAPCs of 1.71 (95% CI: 1.28~2.13) and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.39~2.15), respectively. China’s disease burden in 2021 exceeded that of most SDI regions globally. In terms of population distribution, the overall disease burden was higher among males than among females. By disease category, cardiovascular diseases constituted the primary burden source, with diabetes and kidney diseases showing the fastest growth (mortality EAPC = 4.92), while chronic respiratory diseases exhibited a declining trend (mortality EAPC = −1.23). The disease burden increased exponentially with age. The age-standardized DALY rate and mortality rate for individuals aged 70 and above surpassed those of 1990 by 2021, with this advantage widening with increasing age. Conclusion: The burden of noncommunicable diseases associated with particulate matter pollution in China is on the rise, with significant variations across different populations and diseases. Overall, the burden has reached a high level globally, necessitating targeted governance and prioritized prevention and control measures to reduce it in the future.
文章引用：董万国, 张晓宇, 高健, 杨旻. 1990~2021中国归因于环境颗粒物污染的非传染性疾病负担[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(3): 64-74. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.163763

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