马克思机器观的当代伦理启示

Contemporary Ethical Implications of Marx’s View of Machinery

摘要: 马克思的机器观不单纯是技术分析，同时还蕴含着深刻的技术伦理维度的理论体系。它立足资本主义生产语境，揭示了机器的本质属性、历史意义及内在矛盾，为破解当代技术伦理困境提供了重要思想资源。本文以马克思机器观为核心，对话亚当·斯密的机器伦理主张，吸纳麦金太尔社群共同体伦理的合理内核，并从多元理论视角剖析当代机器技术发展引发的伦理新挑战，探寻其对技术伦理构建、劳动伦理重构、社会公平正义实现的启示，为实现技术与人、社会的和谐发展提供理论参考。

Abstract: Marx’s view of machinery is not merely a pure technical analysis, but a theoretical system with a profound dimension of technological ethics. Rooted in the context of capitalist production, it reveals the essential attributes, historical significance and inherent contradictions of machinery, and thus provides an important ideological resource for resolving the ethical predicaments of contemporary technology. Taking Marx’s view of machinery as the core, this paper engages in a theoretical dialogue with Adam Smith’s propositions on machinery ethics and absorbs the rational core of Alasdair MacIntyre’s ethics of the community. From a multi-theoretical perspective, it analyzes the new ethical challenges arising from the development of contemporary machinery technology, explores its implications for the construction of technological ethics, the reconstruction of labor ethics and the realization of social equity and justice, and thereby offers a theoretical reference for achieving the harmonious development of technology, humans and society.