信息不对称困境下二手电商消费者权益保护的法律路径研究

Research on the Legal Paths for Protecting Consumers’ Rights and Interests in Second-Hand E-Commerce under the Dilemma of Information Asymmetry

摘要: 数字经济与循环经济的深度融合推动二手电商市场迅猛发展，但交易的虚拟性、商品的非标准化及主体身份的复杂性，加剧了买卖双方的信息不对称困境，导致消费者知情权、公平交易权、求偿权等权益受侵害问题频发。本文以信息不对称理论与消费者权益保护理论为依托，结合二手电商交易的实践特征，系统剖析信息不对称在交易各环节的表现形态及其引发的法律风险，包括商品质量信息不透明、经营者身份认定模糊、平台监管责任虚化、纠纷解决机制低效等。通过梳理我国现行《消费者权益保护法》《电子商务法》等相关规范在二手电商领域的适用困境，借鉴现有研究成果与司法实践经验，从立法完善、监管强化、平台责任细化、权利救济优化四个维度，构建针对性的法律保护路径。研究提出，应明确二手商品信息披露标准与经营者认定规则，建立分层分类的平台监管机制，完善举证责任分配与在线纠纷解决制度，以破解信息不对称带来的权益保护难题，促进二手电商市场的规范化发展与数字消费生态的良性构建。

Abstract: The in-depth integration of the digital economy and the circular economy has driven the rapid development of the second-hand e-commerce market. However, the virtual nature of transactions, the non-standardization of commodities, and the complexity of subject identities have exacerbated the information asymmetry dilemma between buyers and sellers, leading to frequent infringements on consumers’ rights and interests such as the right to know, the right to fair trade, and the right to claim compensation. Based on the information asymmetry theory and the consumer rights protection theory, this paper combines the practical characteristics of second-hand e-commerce transactions to systematically analyze the manifestations of information asymmetry in various links of transactions and the resulting legal risks, including opaque commodity quality information, vague identification of operator identities, weakened platform supervision responsibilities, and inefficient dispute resolution mechanisms. By sorting out the application dilemmas of China’s current relevant norms such as the Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law and the E-Commerce Law in the field of second-hand e-commerce, and drawing on existing research results and judicial practice experience, this paper constructs targeted legal protection paths from four dimensions: legislative improvement, supervision strengthening, platform responsibility refinement, and right relief optimization. The research proposes that it is necessary to clarify the information disclosure standards for second-hand commodities and the identification rules for operators, establish a hierarchical and classified platform supervision mechanism, and improve the burden of proof allocation and online dispute resolution system, so as to solve the problem of rights and interests protection caused by information asymmetry, and promote the standardized development of the second-hand e-commerce market and the sound construction of the digital consumption ecosystem.