校社协同视角下大学生参与社区养老助老志愿服务长效机制构建研究

Research on the Construction of a Long-Term Mechanism for College Students’ Participation in Community-Based Elderly Care and Assistance Volunteer Services from the Perspective of University-Community Collaboration

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程加速，传统家庭养老功能弱化，社区养老成为应对老龄化挑战的核心载体。大学生作为社会新生代力量，参与社区养老助老志愿服务既能弥补养老资源缺口，又能提升自身综合素质。本文基于全国养老服务发展宏观数据与潍坊市122个社区的实证调研结果，系统梳理大学生参与社区养老助老志愿服务的现状与成效，深入剖析供需结构性失衡、服务专业化不足、参与持续性差、校社协同不畅等核心问题及成因，结合萨拉蒙志愿失灵理论与协同治理理论，构建“组织协同–需求对接–服务供给–保障支撑”四位一体参与机制，从培训、激励、评估、资源整合维度完善长效运行体系，并提出政府、高校、社区、社会多层面保障措施。旨在为破解大学生志愿服务短期化、同质化等难题提供理论支撑与实践路径，推动形成“校社协同、青银共益、可持续发展”的社区养老新格局。

Abstract: With the accelerating aging process in China, the traditional family-based care model has gradually weakened, making community-based elderly care a key approach to addressing the challenges of an aging society. As emerging contributors to social development, college students’ participation in community elderly care and assistance volunteer services not only helps alleviate the shortage of elderly care resources but also fosters their personal and professional growth. Drawing on national macro-level data on elderly care development and empirical findings from a field study of 122 communities in Weifang City, this paper systematically examines the current status and effectiveness of college student involvement in such volunteer initiatives. It further identifies core challenges—including structural imbalances between supply and demand, limited service professionalization, low sustainability of engagement, and inadequate coordination between universities and communities. Grounded in Salamon’s Theory of the Nonprofit Sector and Collaborative Governance Theory, the study proposes an integrated participation framework comprising “organizational collaboration, needs alignment, service delivery, and support mechanisms”. It also enhances the long-term operational system through improvements in training, incentive structures, performance evaluation, and resource integration. Multi-level recommendations are put forward for government, higher education institutions, communities, and civil society to ensure sustainable implementation. This research aims to provide theoretical insights and practical strategies to overcome issues such as short-termism and service homogenization in student volunteer programs, ultimately promoting a sustainable, collaborative model of community elderly care characterized by university-community synergy, mutual benefits for youth and older adults, and inclusive social participation.