不同疾病背景下颈动脉斑块钙化表型及 稳定性的超声评估进展
Advances in Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Plaque Calcification Phenotypes and Stability under Different Disease Backgrounds
摘要: 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、慢性肾脏病、2型糖尿病及高脂血症等常见疾病可通过不同机制诱发或加速颈动脉斑块钙化形成。颈动脉斑块钙化是动脉粥样硬化的重要影像学表现，其与斑块稳定性的关系受钙化数量、位置、形态及连续性等表型特征影响，并呈现疾病特异性差异。超声作为一线无创影像手段，可结合彩色多普勒、超声造影及剪切波弹性成像等技术，对钙化表型及斑块结构与活动性进行多维度评估，为稳定性判断、风险分层及随访管理提供影像学依据。本文综述不同疾病背景下颈动脉斑块钙化的超声表型特征及其与稳定性关系的研究进展，并讨论超声评估在临床精准管理中的应用价值。
Abstract: Diseases such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia can induce or accelerate the calcification of carotid plaques through various mechanisms. Carotid plaque calcification serves as a crucial radiological manifestation of atherosclerosis. Its relationship with plaque stability is influenced by phenotypic characteristics—including the quantity, location, morphology, and continuity of calcification—and exhibits disease-specific variations. As a first-line, non-invasive imaging modality, ultrasound can provide a multi-dimensional assessment of calcification phenotypes, plaque structure, and activity by integrating techniques such as color Doppler, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and shear wave elastography. This provides a radiological basis for stability evaluation, risk stratification, and follow-up management. This article reviews the research advances regarding the ultrasound phenotypic characteristics of carotid plaque calcification under different disease backgrounds and their relationship with stability. It also discusses the clinical value of ultrasound assessment in precision management.
文章引用：董小涵, 孙阳. 不同疾病背景下颈动脉斑块钙化表型及 稳定性的超声评估进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(3): 308-316. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.163793

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