黑色素瘤的诊断研究进展

Advances in Melanoma Diagnosis Research

摘要: 皮肤黑色素瘤是最严重的皮肤癌类型。深入理解黑色素瘤发生与发展的复杂生物学过程对推进患者诊疗至关重要。基于黑色素瘤较差的预后性，黑色素瘤诊断的新兴技术正在发生转变，旨在提升诊断准确性、预测疾病进展并改善预后。形态学临床病理分类预计将被更精确的分子分类所取代。随着经过验证、便捷且具有成本效益的分子检测方法的出现，分子诊断将在黑色素瘤的临床与组织学诊断中发挥更大作用。人工智能辅助的临床与组织学诊断预计将使这一过程更趋简化和高效。本文概述了黑色素瘤在诊断方面的最新进展。为深入理解当前治疗策略及新兴技术原理奠定基础，帮助临床医生把握黑色素瘤以提升临床决策水平。

Abstract: Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. An in-depth understanding of the complex biological processes underlying the occurrence and progression of melanoma is crucial for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Given the poor prognosis of melanoma, emerging technologies for melanoma diagnosis are undergoing transformations aimed at improving diagnostic accuracy, predicting disease progression, and enhancing prognosis. Morphological clinicopathological classification is expected to be replaced by more precise molecular classification. With the advent of validated, convenient, and cost-effective molecular detection methods, molecular diagnosis will play an increasingly important role in the clinical and histological diagnosis of melanoma. Artificial intelligence-assisted clinical and histological diagnosis is anticipated to simplify and optimize this process. This review summarizes the latest advances in melanoma diagnosis, laying a foundation for in-depth comprehension of current therapeutic strategies and the principles of emerging technologies, and helping clinicians grasp the key points of melanoma to improve clinical decision-making.