牙周炎与结直肠癌关联的研究进展

Research Progress on the Association between Periodontitis and Colorectal Cancer

摘要: 结直肠癌一种在全球发病率及死亡率均靠前的恶性肿瘤，肠道菌群失调、慢性炎症微环境和其发生发展密切相关。近年来，常见的慢性口腔炎症性疾病——牙周炎被证实与全身多种疾病存在相互关联。在口腔–肠道轴的理论的指导下，牙周炎–炎性肠病、牙周炎–胃肠道恶性肿瘤、特别是与结直肠癌的相关性方面的研究受到了人们的高度关注。牙周炎可能通过口腔菌群易位、全身低度炎症状态及免疫调控机制增加结直肠癌的患病风险。本文系统性地总结了牙周炎和其特征病原菌影响结直肠癌发生发展的流行病学证据及可能的分子机制。我们认为，牙周炎是结直肠癌的潜在危险因素，保持良好的口腔卫生可能对结直肠癌的预防以及辅助治疗具有一定的积极意义。

Abstract: Colorectal cancer ranks among the leading malignant tumors globally in terms of both incidence and mortality, with its development closely linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory microenvironments. In recent years, periodontitis—a common chronic inflammatory oral disease—has been demonstrated to be interconnected with various systemic conditions. Guided by the oral-gut axis theory, research on the associations between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease, periodontitis and gastrointestinal malignancies—particularly colorectal cancer (CRC)—has garnered significant attention. Periodontitis may elevate CRC risk through oral microbiota translocation, systemic low-grade inflammation, and immune regulatory mechanisms. This paper aims to systematically review the epidemiological evidence and potential molecular mechanisms by which periodontitis and its characteristic pathogens influence the development of colorectal cancer. Existing research indicates that periodontitis is a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer, and maintaining good oral hygiene may hold significance for the prevention and adjunctive treatment of this disease.