南岳衡山模式植物资源调查、保护及其科学价值

Investigation, Conservation and Scientific Value of Model Plant Resources in the Hengshan Mountain (Nanyue)

摘要: 南岳衡山作为我国五岳之一，其独特的地理环境与气候条件孕育了丰富的植物多样性，并保存了一批重要的模式植物(地模标本)资源。本文基于历史文献与系统性的野外调查，全面整理并确认了南岳衡山地区现存的13种有效模式植物，包括绒毛皂荚、南岳蹄盖蕨、衡山报春苣苔等，其中5种为南岳特有植物。通过资源调查、标本采集、迁地保护及繁殖技术研究，项目组明确了这些物种的分布范围、生境特征与种群现状，并成功实现了部分物种的迁地栽培与无性繁殖。本研究不仅为南岳植物资源保护与可持续利用提供了基础数据，还从模式产地种群的角度，为阐明物种形态分化的地理格局、验证分类学界限以及探讨区域植物区系演化提供了关键材料与依据。

Abstract: As one of China’s Five Great Mountains, Hengshan Mountain in southern Hunan possesses unique geographical and climatic conditions that have nurtured rich plant diversity and preserved a collection of important type plant (type locality specimen) resources. Based on historical literature and systematic field surveys, this study comprehensively collated and confirmed 13 extant valid type plant species in the Hengshan Mountain region, including Gleditsia japonica var. velutina, Athyrium nanyueense, Primulina hengshanensis, among others, five of which are endemic to Hengshan Mountain. Through resource surveys, specimen collection, ex situ conservation, and propagation techniques research, the research team clarified the distribution ranges, habitat characteristics, and population statuses of these species and successfully achieved ex situ cultivation and asexual propagation for some of them. This research not only provides fundamental data for the conservation and sustainable utilization of plant resources in Hengshan Mountain but also, from the perspective of type locality populations, offers crucial materials and evidence for elucidating geographical patterns of species morphological differentiation, verifying taxonomic boundaries, and exploring regional floristic evolution.