从“少阳学说”论治儿童过敏性疾病的中医理法方药文献综述

Literature Review on TCM Principles, Methods, Formulas, and Medicines for Treating Pediatric Allergic Diseases Based on the “Shaoyang Theory”

摘要: 本文系统梳理了从“少阳学说”论治儿童过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、湿疹等疾病的中医理法方药。通过文献综述，明确了“枢机不利，三焦郁热”是此类疾病的核心病机，其与儿童“少阳之体”的生理特点高度契合。研究总结了以“和法”为总纲，以“和解少阳、疏利三焦”为核心的基本治则，并重点解析了小柴胡汤及其类方化裁应用的规律。本文旨在为临床诊治儿童过敏性疾病提供一条基于中医整体观、着重调节气机与代谢通道的特色理论路径与方药选择依据，为应对复杂迁延病例拓展了辨证思路。

Abstract: This paper systematically reviews the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principles, methods, formulas, and medicines for treating pediatric allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema, and other diseases from the perspective of the “Shaoyang theory.” Through a comprehensive literature review, it is established that “dysfunction of the pivot mechanism and stagnation of heat in the Sanjiao” constitute the core pathogenesis of these diseases, which is highly consistent with the physiological characteristics of children as “Shaoyang constitution”. The study summarizes the fundamental treatment principle of “harmonization” as the overarching guideline, with “reconciling Shaoyang and dredging the Sanjiao” as the core approach. It also focuses on analyzing the patterns of modification and application of Xiao Chaihu Decoction and its derivative formulas. This paper aims to provide a distinctive theoretical pathway and formula selection basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric allergic diseases, emphasizing the regulation of Qi movement and metabolic pathways based on the holistic view of TCM, and expanding the differentiation (differential diagnosis thinking) for complex and protracted cases.