二氧化碳埋存技术的研究现状及进展

Research Status and Progress of Carbon Dioxide Storage Technology

摘要: 二氧化碳(CO₂)埋存技术是应对全球气候变暖、实现“双碳”目标的核心路径，已成为石油与环保领域的研究热点。本文系统梳理了CO₂埋存技术的核心原理、主要类型，重点分析国内外研究现状与关键技术进展，探讨当前面临的瓶颈问题，并对未来发展趋势进行展望。研究表明，CO₂埋存技术已从理论探索逐步走向矿场试验与产业化示范，地质埋存(枯竭油气藏、深部咸水层、煤层)是当前主流方向；国外已形成成熟的产业化模式，国内处于矿场试验向产业化过渡阶段，在埋存机理、工程技术等方面取得显著突破，但仍面临技术瓶颈、成本高企、产业协同不足等问题。未来需通过核心技术攻关、政策支持与跨产业协同，推动技术规模化、经济化、安全化应用，为全球低碳转型提供支撑。

Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage technology is a core pathway to address global warming and achieve the “dual carbon” goals, and has become a research hotspot in the petroleum and environmental protection fields. This paper systematically summarizes the core principles and main types of CO₂ storage technology, focuses on analyzing the research status and key technological progress at home and abroad, discusses the current bottleneck problems, and looks forward to the future development trends. Research shows that CO₂ storage technology has gradually advanced from theoretical exploration to field tests and industrial demonstration, with geological storage (depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers, coal seams) as the current mainstream direction. Foreign countries have formed mature industrialization models, while China is in the transition stage from field tests to industrialization, having made significant breakthroughs in storage mechanisms and engineering technologies. However, it still faces issues such as technical bottlenecks, high costs, and insufficient industrial collaboration. In the future, it is necessary to promote the large-scale, economical, and safe application of the technology through core technological research, policy support, and cross-industrial collaboration, so as to provide support for the global low-carbon transition.