不同道德取向对幼儿亲社会行为的影响研究

A Study on the Influence of Different Moral Orientations on Preschoolers’ Prosocial Behavior

摘要: 本研究旨在探讨幼儿在关怀与公正两种道德取向下的道德敏感性对其亲社会行为的影响，并检验年龄与性别的调节作用。采用《幼儿道德敏感性情境问卷》与捐赠行为实验范式，对150名中班(4~5岁)与大班(5~6岁)幼儿进行测量。结果发现：1) 关怀道德敏感性与亲社会行为呈显著正相关；2) 公正道德敏感性与亲社会行为亦呈显著正相关；3) 大班幼儿在关怀与公正道德敏感性上的得分均显著高于中班幼儿；4) 年龄与性别在关怀道德敏感性上存在显著交互作用，表现为女孩在大班阶段的关怀敏感性提升更明显。研究表明，道德敏感性的发展具有年龄阶段性与性别差异性，且对亲社会行为具有正向预测作用，为幼儿道德教育的实践提供了实证依据。研究进一步发现，关怀道德取向对亲社会行为的预测力略高于公正道德取向，且不同道德情境下的敏感性表现出差异化的影响路径。

Abstract: This study aims to explore the influence of children’s moral sensitivity under two moral orientations, care and justice, on their prosocial behavior, while examining the moderating effects of age and gender. Using the “Preschool Moral Sensitivity Scenario Questionnaire” and a donation behavior experimental paradigm, 150 children from the middle class (aged 4 - 5) and upper class (aged 5 - 6) of kindergarten were assessed. The results revealed that: 1) Care moral sensitivity was significantly positively correlated with prosocial behavior; 2) Justice moral sensitivity was also significantly positively correlated with prosocial behavior; 3) Children in the upper class scored significantly higher than those in the middle class on both care and justice moral sensitivity; 4) There was a significant interaction effect between age and gender on care moral sensitivity, with girls showing a more pronounced increase in care sensitivity during the upper class stage. The study indicates that the development of moral sensitivity exhibits age-related stage differences and gender variations, and positively predicts prosocial behavior, providing empirical evidence for moral education practices in early childhood. Furthermore, the study found that the care orientation slightly outperforms the justice orientation in predicting prosocial behavior, and sensitivity in different moral contexts exhibits differentiated influencing pathways.