创造性元认知的理论、测量和教育
Creative Metacognition in Theory, Measurement, and Education
摘要: 创造性元认知(Creative Metacognition, CMC)是指个体整合自身的创造性相关知识与情境信息，对其创造性投入、策略选择与成果进行监控与调控，并据此做出判断与决策的心理过程。创造性元认知在创造性活动中发挥着重要的自我调控功能，指导创造性过程的展开，并最终促进新颖且有价值的创意产生。已有大量研究表明，创造性元认知与创造性表现之间存在稳定的正向关系，将创造性元认知干预应用于创造性提升实践亦取得了一定的积极成效。然而，当前该领域的研究仍存在诸多不足，例如创造性元认知的理论框架尚未统一，其作用机制仍有待澄清，相关干预的有效性与可推广性亦需进一步验证。基于此，本文系统梳理并评述了创造性元认知的主要理论模型、测量方法及干预研究，进而提出未来研究的潜在方向与发展展望。
Abstract: Creative Metacognition (CMC) refers to the psychological processes through which individuals integrate creativity‐related knowledge with situational information to monitor, regulate, and evaluate their creative engagement, strategy selection, and creative outcomes, thereby supporting judgment and decision‐making during creative activity. Creative metacognition plays a critical self‐regulatory role in guiding the unfolding of the creative process and ultimately facilitating the generation of ideas that are both novel and valuable. A growing body of research has demonstrated a robust positive association between creative metacognition and creative performance, and the application of creative metacognitive interventions has shown promising effects in creativity enhancement practices. However, several limitations remain in the current literature, including the lack of a unified theoretical framework, insufficient clarification of the underlying mechanisms, and limited evidence regarding the effectiveness and generalizability of existing interventions. Against this background, the present article systematically reviews and evaluates major theoretical models, measurement approaches, and intervention studies on creative metacognition, and further proposes potential directions and prospects for future research.
文章引用：刘龙坤 (2026). 创造性元认知的理论、测量和教育. 心理学进展, 16(3), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.163118

参考文献

[1] 汪玲, 郭德俊(2000). 元认知的本质与要素. 心理学报, 32(4), 458-463.
[2] Andrews-Hanna, J. R. (2012). The Brain’s Default Network and Its Adaptive Role in Internal Mentation. The Neuroscientist, 18, 251-270.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Beaty, R. E., Benedek, M., Silvia, P. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2016). Creative Cognition and Brain Network Dynamics. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20, 87-95.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Chou, C., Shen, T., Shen, T., & Shen, C. (2023). The Impact of CIE Education Integrated with the BIG 6 Teaching Strategy on Students’ Innovative Motivation, Creativity, Metacognition, and Self-Perceived Employability. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 48, Article ID: 101287.[CrossRef] 
[5] Lin, C. X., & Yahaya, W. A. J. W. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review of Creative Metacognition (CMC) and Its Impact on Students’ Creative Performance. In J. Zhang, W. A. J. W. Yahaya, M. Sanmugam, & D. Lim (Eds.), Integrating Technology in Problem-Solving Educational Practices (pp. 289-320). IGI Global.[CrossRef] 
[6] de Acedo Lizarraga, M. L. S., & de Acedo Baquedano, M. T. S. (2013). How Creative Potential Is Related to Metacognition. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 6, 69-81.[CrossRef] 
[7] de Chantal, P., & Organisciak, P. (2025). Automated Feedback and Creativity: On the Role of Metacognitive Monitoring in Divergent Thinking. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 19, 1064-1083.[CrossRef] 
[8] De Dreu, C. K. W., Baas, M., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). Hedonic Tone and Activation Level in the Mood-Creativity Link: Toward a Dual Pathway to Creativity Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 739-756.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Dignath, C., & Büttner, G. (2008). Components of Fostering Self-Regulated Learning among Students. A Meta-Analysis on Intervention Studies at Primary and Secondary School Level. Metacognition and Learning, 3, 231-264.[CrossRef] 
[10] Efklides, A. (2006). Metacognition and Affect: What Can Metacognitive Experiences Tell Us about the Learning Process? Educational Research Review, 1, 3-14.[CrossRef] 
[11] Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and Cognitive Monitoring: A New Area of Cognitive-Developmental Inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906-911.[CrossRef] 
[12] Fleming, S. M., & Dolan, R. J. (2012). The Neural Basis of Metacognitive Ability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367, 1338-1349.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Fleming, S. M., & Lau, H. C. (2014). How to Measure Metacognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 443.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Guilford, J. P. (1967). The Nature of Human Intelligence. McGraw-Hill.
[15] Haase, J., Hoff, E. V., Hanel, P. H. P., & Innes-Ker, Å. (2018). A Meta-Analysis of the Relation between Creative Self-Efficacy and Different Creativity Measurements. Creativity Research Journal, 30, 1-16.[CrossRef] 
[16] Hargrove, R. A. (2013). Assessing the Long-Term Impact of a Metacognitive Approach to Creative Skill Development. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 23, 489-517.[CrossRef] 
[17] Hargrove, R. A., & Nietfeld, J. L. (2015). The Impact of Metacognitive Instruction on Creative Problem Solving. The Journal of Experimental Education, 83, 291-318.[CrossRef] 
[18] Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (2010). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 569-598.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Hong, E., O’Neil, H. F., & Peng, Y. (2016). Effects of Explicit Instructions, Metacognition, and Motivation on Creative Performance. Creativity Research Journal, 28, 33-45.[CrossRef] 
[20] Hoßbach, C., & Isaksen, S. G. (2025). AI‐Augmented Approaches to Creative Problem‐Solving: A Metacognitive Perspective. Creativity and Innovation Management, 34, 854-869.[CrossRef] 
[21] Jia, X., Li, P., & Li, W. (2025). The Role of Creative Mindsets in the Relationship between Metacognitive Experience and Divergent Thinking: A Metacognitive Perspective. Journal of Intelligence, 13, Article 27.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Jia, X., Li, W., & Cao, L. (2019). The Role of Metacognitive Components in Creative Thinking. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 2404.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Jiang, L., Yang, C., Pi, Z., Li, Y., Liu, S., & Yi, X. (2023). Individuals with High Metacognitive Ability Are Better at Divergent and Convergent Thinking. Journal of Intelligence, 11, Article 162.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Kaufman, J. C., & Beghetto, R. A. (2013). In Praise of Clark Kent: Creative Metacognition and the Importance of Teaching Kids When (Not) to Be Creative. Roeper Review, 35, 155-165.[CrossRef] 
[25] Kaufman, J. C., Beghetto, R. A., & Watson, C. (2016). Creative Metacognition and Self-Ratings of Creative Performance: A 4-C Perspective. Learning and Individual Differences, 51, 394-399.[CrossRef] 
[26] Lebuda, I., & Benedek, M. (2023). A Systematic Framework of Creative Metacognition. Physics of Life Reviews, 46, 161-181.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Lebuda, I., & Benedek, M. (2024). Contributions of Metacognition to Creative Performance and Behavior. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 59, 1-12.
[28] Lebuda, I., & Benedek, M. (2025). Contributions of Metacognition to Creative Performance and Behavior. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 59, e652.[CrossRef] 
[29] Lucas, B. J., & Nordgren, L. F. (2015). People Underestimate the Value of Persistence for Creative Performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109, 232-243.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] May, J., Redding, E., Whatley, S., Łucznik, K., Clements, L., Weber, R. et al. (2020). Enhancing Creativity by Training Metacognitive Skills in Mental Imagery. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 38, Article ID: 100739.[CrossRef] 
[31] McVeigh, M. (2023). A Creative Thinking and Writing Tool. the Creativity Metacognitive Framework. In M. McVeigh (Ed.), Screenwriting from the Inside Out (pp. 179-186). Springer International Publishing.[CrossRef] 
[32] Mevarech, Z. R., & Paz-Baruch, N. (2022). Meta-Creativity: What Is It and How Does It Relate to Creativity? Metacognition and Learning, 17, 427-441.[CrossRef] 
[33] Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Morales, J., Lau, H., & Fleming, S. M. (2018). Domain-General and Domain-Specific Patterns of Activity Supporting Metacognition in Human Prefrontal Cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 38, 3534-3546.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Morin, S., Robert, J., & Gabora, L. (2018). How to Train Future Engineers to Be More Creative? An Educative Experience. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 28, 150-166.[CrossRef] 
[36] Nelson, T. O. (1999). Cognition versus Metacognition. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The Nature of Cognition (pp. 625-641). The MIT Press.
[37] Niendam, T. A., Laird, A. R., Ray, K. L., Dean, Y. M., Glahn, D. C., & Carter, C. S. (2012). Meta-Analytic Evidence for a Superordinate Cognitive Control Network Subserving Diverse Executive Functions. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 241-268.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Pesout, O., & Nietfeld, J. L. (2021). How Creative Am I?: Examining Judgments and Predictors of Creative Performance. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 40, Article ID: 100836.[CrossRef] 
[39] Pesut, D. J. (1990). Creative Thinking as a Self‐Regulatory Metacognitive Process—A Model for Education, Training and Further Research. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 24, 105-110.[CrossRef] 
[40] Preiss, D. D. (2022). Metacognition, Mind Wandering, and Cognitive Flexibility: Understanding Creativity. Journal of Intelligence, 10, Article 69.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Preiss, D. D., Cosmelli, D., Grau, V., & Ortiz, D. (2016). Examining the Influence of Mind Wandering and Metacognition on Creativity in University and Vocational Students. Learning and Individual Differences, 51, 417-426.[CrossRef] 
[42] Puente-Díaz, R. (2023). Metacognitive Feelings as a Source of Information for the Creative Process: A Conceptual Exploration. Journal of Intelligence, 11, Article 49.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Puente-Díaz, R., Cavazos-Arroyo, J., & Vargas-Barrera, F. (2021). Metacognitive Feelings as a Source of Information in the Evaluation and Selection of Creative Ideas. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39, Article ID: 100767.[CrossRef] 
[44] Rominger, C., Benedek, M., Lebuda, I., Perchtold-Stefan, C. M., Schwerdtfeger, A. R., Papousek, I. et al. (2022). Functional Brain Activation Patterns of Creative Metacognitive Monitoring. Neuropsychologia, 177, Article ID: 108416.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] Schraw, G. (2009). Measuring Metacognitive Judgments. In D. J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Handbook of Metacognition in Education (pp. 415-429). Routledge
[46] Taylor, C. L., & Kaufman, J. C. (2021). The Creative Trait Motivation Scales. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39, Article ID: 100763.[CrossRef] 
[47] Urban, K., & Urban, M. (2023). How Can We Measure Metacognition in Creative Problem-Solving? Standardization of the MCPS Scale. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49, Article ID: 101345.[CrossRef] 
[48] Urban, M., & Urban, K. (2022). Orientation toward Intrinsic Motivation Mediates the Relationship between Metacognition and Creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 57, 6-16.[CrossRef] 
[49] Urban, M., & Urban, K. (2025a). Do We Need Metacognition for Creativity? A Necessary Condition Analysis of Creative Metacognition. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 19, 1467-1483.[CrossRef] 
[50] Urban, M., & Urban, K. (2025b). Does Metacognition Matter in Creative Problem‐Solving? A Mixed‐Methods Analysis of Writing. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 59, e630.[CrossRef] 
[51] Urban, K., Pesout, O., Kombrza, J., & Urban, M. (2021). Metacognitively Aware University Students Exhibit Higher Creativity and Motivation to Learn. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 42, Article ID: 100963.[CrossRef] 
[52] Zhang, W., Sjoerds, Z., & Hommel, B. (2020). Metacontrol of Human Creativity: The Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Convergent and Divergent Thinking. NeuroImage, 210, Article ID: 116572.[CrossRef] [PubMed]