老年人迈向健康老龄化：影响因素识别与评估工具应用的范围综述

Moving Towards Healthy Aging in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Influencing Factor Identification and Assessment Tool Applications

摘要: 目的：对老年人健康老龄化影响因素和评估工具进行范围综述，探讨老年人健康老龄化研究现状，为今后该领域研究提供参考。方法：以Arksey和O’Malley范围综述报告框架为指导，系统检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、Pubmed、Web of science、Embase、Cochrane Library，检索时限自建库至2025年12月。结果：共纳入19篇文献，其中横断面研究15篇，队列研究3篇，混合性研究1篇。18篇报告了健康老龄化率及水平得分，15篇共使用5类评估工具，4篇采用多个指标评估健康老龄化。健康老龄化影响因素主要分为社会人口学因素、疾病相关因素、心理因素和其他因素。结论：老年人健康老龄化水平总体有待提高，影响因素复杂多样，评估工具在不同研究间存在较大差异，未来研究者开发更具本土化、全面的评估工具进行测量，根据影响因素制定个性化的干预措施，提高老年人健康老龄化水平。

Abstract: Objective: To conduct a comprehensive review of the influencing factors and assessment tools for healthy aging in the elderly, explore the current status of research on healthy aging in the elderly, and provide references for future research in this field. Method: Guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework for comprehensive reviews, systematic searches were conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, with the search period from the establishment of the databases to December 2025. Results: A total of 19 articles were included, including 15 cross-sectional studies, 3 cohort studies, and 1 mixed study. 18 reports provided the rates and score levels of healthy aging, and 15 articles used 5 types of assessment tools, and 4 articles evaluated healthy aging using multiple indicators. The influencing factors of healthy aging mainly include sociodemographic factors, disease-related factors, psychological factors, and other factors. Conclusion: The overall level of healthy aging in the elderly needs to be improved. The influencing factors are complex and diverse, and the assessment tools vary greatly among different studies. Future researchers should develop more localized and comprehensive assessment tools for measurement, formulate personalized intervention measures based on the influencing factors, and improve the level of healthy aging in the elderly.