传统与插入式T型管汇流混合研究综述

A Review of Confluence Mixing in Conventional and Inserted T-Junction Pipes

摘要: T型管汇流广泛见于天然气管网、核能装备以及化工与制冷系统，其混合过程及流动不稳定性将直接决定下游压降水平、温度/速度波动幅值与结构安全裕度。相较常见的相贯式构型，插入式T型由于支管伸入主管造成局部阻塞并形成尾迹，易诱发涡脱落甚至卡门涡街，从而显著改变混合特性，相关机理与工程影响仍需系统梳理。本文在综合实验与CFD文献的基础上，按构型将T型汇流划分为相贯式与插入式两类，围绕入口条件敏感性、几何改造手段以及动量比M_R主导的典型射流模式开展对比归纳。现有研究一致表明：M_R决定射流形态并主导混合效率；入口脉动与旋流可放大温度与速度波动；几何改造虽可改善截面均匀性，但往往伴随压降变化并可能重塑不稳定性。对于插入式结构，尾迹涡脱落引起的周期性热扰动被认为是热疲劳风险的重要来源，且在多相夹杂、相扩散与传质耦合条件下呈现更强的复杂性。后续工作应侧重高保真模拟与可验证数据库建设，形成统一的评价指标体系，并面向工程安全开展流动–传热–结构耦合的风险评估与结构优化设计。

Abstract: T-junction confluence is widely encountered in natural-gas pipeline networks, nuclear energy equipment, and chemical and refrigeration systems, where the mixing process and flow instabilities directly determine downstream pressure losses, the amplitudes of temperature/velocity fluctuations, and the structural safety margin. Compared with the commonly used intersecting configuration, an inserted T-junction, where the branch pipe penetrates into the main pipe, induces local blockage and a wake region, which can readily trigger vortex shedding and even a von Kármán vortex street. These phenomena can markedly alter mixing and pulsation characteristics, yet the underlying mechanisms and engineering implications still require a systematic synthesis. Building on a comprehensive review of experimental and CFD studies, this paper classifies T-junction confluence into two categories: intersecting and inserted types and provides a comparative assessment focusing on inlet-condition sensitivity, geometric modification strategies, and representative jet regimes governed by the momentum ratio (M_R). Existing studies consistently indicate that M_R controls jet morphology and dominates mixing performance; inlet pulsation and swirl can amplify temperature and velocity fluctuations; and geometric modifications may improve cross-sectional uniformity but are often accompanied by changes in pressure loss and may reshape instability characteristics. For inserted configurations in particular, periodic thermal disturbances driven by wake vortex shedding are widely regarded as a key source of thermal-fatigue risk, and the problem becomes even more complex when multiphase entrainment, interphase diffusion, and mass-transfer coupling are present. Future work should prioritize high-fidelity simulations and the development of verifiable benchmark databases, establish a unified set of evaluation metrics, and advance engineering-oriented risk assessment and structural optimization through coupled analyses of flow, heat transfer, and structural response.