试论哈萨克语复数词尾与汉语“们”的异同点

A Comparative Study of the Plural Suffixes in Kazakh and the Chinese Word “Men”

摘要: 在语言学习中，名词的复数概念是一个基础而重要的议题，它涉及到名词在句子中如何表示数量的变化等问题，哈萨克语属于黏着语，其名词复数形式一般通过形态变化来实现，而汉语则更多依赖于量词、语序等手段来表达名词的数量关系。本文通过对汉语和哈萨克语两种语言在表达复数时所采用的形式进行分析，试图揭示哈萨克语复数词尾与汉语“们”在形式、意义和用法之间的相同和不同点。哈萨克语复数词尾作为形态变化的一部分，缀接后表达的意义较为丰富，且缀接时还需要考虑语音和谐规律等，而汉语中的“们”是一个简单词缀，通常加在名词或人称代词后表示复数，但在使用时会受到一定限制，并不适用于所有名词类别。

Abstract: In language learning, the concept of noun plurality constitutes a fundamental and significant topic, addressing issues such as how nouns denote quantitative variation within sentences. Kazakh, being an agglutinative language, typically achieves noun plurality through morphological changes, whereas Chinese relies more heavily on measures, word order, and other means to express quantitative relationships among nouns. This paper analyses the forms employed by both languages to express plurality, seeking to reveal similarities and differences between Kazakh plural suffixes and the Chinese particle “men” in terms of form, meaning, and usage. Kazakh plural suffixes, as part of morphological inflection, convey richer meanings upon attachment and require consideration of phonological harmony rules. In contrast, the Chinese suffix “men” is a simple affix typically added to nouns or personal pronouns to indicate plurality. However, its usage is subject to certain restrictions and does not apply to all noun categories.