建立英语语气的层级体系

Towards a Hierarchical System of Grammatical Mood in English

摘要: 传统英语语法通常将言语情境二分为实然和非实然，并以直陈语气和虚拟语气的形式分别与之对应。然而，这两种语气在语法形式上未能与言语情境形成系统的对应关系。与之相对，本文将言语情境解析为事实、拟事实和非事实三种梯度类型，并在此基础上构建了层级语气体系，以实现语气的语法形式与言语情境之间更精准、系统的对应。

Abstract: In traditional typology, speech situations in English are customarily dichotomized into realis and irrealis, in correlation to which have been constructed the indicative and subjunctive moods respectively. However, we assume that there is much confusion as to how the traditional dichotomy of situation fits within mood theory. Consequently, we suggest a gradient analysis of speech situations from fact through counter-fact to non-fact, and subsequently assume a hierarchical mood system, so as to achieve a better correlation of grammatical forms of moods to different speech situations.