我国居民基本公共卫生服务知晓率的Meta分析

Prevalence of Basic Public Health Services Awareness among Chinese Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

摘要: 目的：系统评价我国居民对基本公共卫生服务的知晓率。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Scopus、The Cochrane Library、Web of science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库，搜集有关居民对基本公共卫生服务知晓率的横断面研究，检索时限为建库至2025年12月30日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并质量评价后，采用Stata 17.0和Review Manager 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入39个横断面研究。Meta分析结果显示，我国居民对基本公共卫生服务总体知晓率为66% [95% CI (62%~71%)]。亚组分析结果显示，男性、女性居民知晓率分别为62% (95% CI: 50%~75%)和59% (95% CI: 48%~70%)；城市、农村居民分别为74% (95% CI: 64%~84%)和70% (95% CI: 59%~81%)；小学及以下、初中、高中或中专、大专及以上学历居民分别为66% (95% CI: 52%~80%)、73% (95% CI: 64%~82%)、75% (95% CI: 65%~85%)和77% (95% CI: 67%~88%)；重点人群、一般人群居民分别为88% (95% CI: 88%~89%)和64% (95% CI: 63%~64%)；东部、中部、西部地区分别为74% (95% CI: 74%~74%)、80% (95% CI: 79%~81%)和71% (95% CI: 71%~72%)；采用概率抽样、非概率抽样方法研究的知晓率分别为72% (95% CI: 72%~73%)和65% (95% CI: 65%~66%)。结论：我国居民对基本公共卫生服务知晓率仍有待提高，不同人群类别及采用不同抽样方法进行研究的居民对基本公共卫生服务的知晓率有一定差异。

Abstract: Objective:To systematically evaluate the rate of awareness on basic public health services among Chinese residents. Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, and CBM, from inception to December 30, 2025. Two independent researchers selected the literatures, extracted the data and evaluated the quality. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA version 17.0 and Review Manager 5.4. Results: A total of 39 cross-sectional studies were included. Data from the meta-analysis revealed a pooled awareness prevalence of 66% for basic public health services among Chinese residents (95% CI: 62%~71%).Gender-stratified analysis showed that the awareness prevalence among females (59%, 95% CI: 48%~70%) was slightly lower compared with males (62%, 95% CI: 50%~75%). Based on residential area, the awareness prevalence was 74% (95% CI: 64%~84%) in urban residents and 70% (95% CI: 59%~81%) in rural residents. Education-based subgroup analysis demonstrated a rising trend in awareness prevalence with higher education levels: the prevalence was 66% (95% CI: 52%~80%) for primary school or below, 73% (95% CI: 64%~82%) for junior high school, 75% (95% CI: 65%~85%) for high school or technical secondary school, and 77% (95% CI: 67%~88%) for college or above. According to population categories, the awareness prevalence among key populations was significantly higher (88%, 95% CI: 88%~89%) than that in the general population (64%, 95% CI: 63%~64%). A clear geographical gradient was observed, with the central region demonstrating the highest awareness prevalence at 80% (95% CI: 79%~81%), followed by the eastern region at 74% (95% CI: 74%~74%) and the western region at 71% (95% CI: 71%~72%). Furthermore, the awareness prevalence was significantly higher in studies employing probability sampling than in those using non-probability sampling (72%, [95% CI: 72%~73%] vs. 65%, [95% CI: 65%~66%]). Conclusion: This systematic review indicates that the awareness prevalence of basic public health services among Chinese residents remains suboptimal. Considerable variability in awareness levels was observed across different population subgroups and between studies employing distinct sampling methodologies.