数学思想方法在高中物理教学中的应用探究

An Exploration of the Application of Mathematical Thinking and Methods in High School Physics Teaching

摘要: 《普通高中物理课程标准》(2017年版2025年修订)在教学建议部分指出“教师要优化教与学的方式，促进物理学科与其他学科的融合，开发综合性跨学科实践项目，培养跨学科实践能力”。数学和物理是自然学科中联系最为紧密的两门学科，二者在表征方式、思维方法、实际应用等方面既有共性，又有互补之处。找到物理知识与数学思想方法的契合点，在物理教学中渗透数学思想方法，能够在一定程度上缓解学生对物理学习的畏难心理，同时能够促进学生推理能力的提升和科学思维的发展。本文以人教版物理教科书(2019版)中的三册必修内容为例，首先，对其涉及到的五种常用数学思想方法进行界定。其次，选取三个典型的物理事例，融入数学思想方法，撰写三篇教学案例。最后，就“如何将数学思想方法渗透在物理教学中”这一问题，结合个人的教学经验提出建议，为一线教师教学提供一定的教学参考。

Abstract: The “General High School Physics Curriculum Standards” (2017 edition, revised in 2025) points out in the teaching suggestions section that “teachers should optimize teaching and learning methods, promote the integration of physics with other disciplines, develop comprehensive interdisciplinary practical projects, and cultivate interdisciplinary practical abilities.” Mathematics and physics are two of the most closely related disciplines in the natural sciences. They share commonalities and complement each other in terms of representation methods, thinking methods, and practical applications. Finding the points of convergence between physics knowledge and mathematical thinking and methods, and integrating mathematical thinking and methods into physics teaching, can, to a certain extent, alleviate students’ fear of difficulty in learning physics, and at the same time promote the improvement of students’ reasoning abilities and the development of scientific thinking. This paper takes the three compulsory volumes of the People’s Education Press physics textbook (2019 edition) as an example. First, it defines five commonly used mathematical thinking methods involved. Second, it selects three typical physics examples, integrates mathematical thinking methods, and writes three teaching cases. Finally, it provides suggestions on “how to integrate mathematical thinking and methods into physics teaching,” combining personal teaching experience to provide some teaching references for frontline teachers.