跨高原地区急性高原适应不全的遗传易感性及急性高山病的预测研究现状
Current Research on Genetic Susceptibility to Acute High-Altitude Maladaptation and Prediction of Acute Mountain Sickness in Trans-Plateau Regions
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.163855, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 张艳美：大理大学临床医学院，云南 大理；吴新华*, 刘 宏：大理大学第一附属医院心内科，云南 大理
关键词: 急性高原反应；跨高原；病理生理；遗传易感性；预测；Acute Mountain Sickness； Trans-Plateau； Pathophysiology； Genetic Susceptibility； Prediction
摘要: 随着社会经济的发展与交通便利性的提升，平原地区居民赴跨高原(海拔1000~3500米)及高原地区旅游、作业人数逐年增加。急性高山病(Acute Mountain Sickness, AMS)的发病率也随之增加，AMS的核心症状包括头痛、呕吐、呕吐、疲劳等，严重者可进展为危及生命的高原肺水肿(HAPE)或高原脑水肿(HACE)。AMS的发生与个体遗传易感性、海拔高度、个体生理及心理状态密切相关，病理生理机制涉及呼吸、循环、消化等多个系统。本文系统综述AMS的诊断标准、病理生理机制、遗传易感性及预测模型研究进展，旨在为临床防治提供理论依据。
Abstract: With socioeconomic development and improved transportation accessibility, the number of residents from plain areas traveling to or working in trans-plateau (1000~3500 meters above sea level) and high-altitude regions has increased annually. Consequently, the incidence of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) has risen. Core symptoms of AMS include headache, nausea, fatigue, etc., and severe cases may progress to life-threatening High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) or High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE). The occurrence of AMS is closely associated with individual genetic susceptibility, altitude, and physiological/psychological status, involving pathophysiological mechanisms across respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems. This review systematically summarizes advancements in diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, genetic susceptibility, and prediction models for AMS, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.
文章引用：张艳美, 吴新华, 刘宏. 跨高原地区急性高原适应不全的遗传易感性及急性高山病的预测研究现状[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(3): 843-852. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.163855

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