情绪粒度对身体表情识别的影响：共情与人格的中介作用

The Effect of Emotional Granularity on Body Expression Recognition: The Mediating Role of Empathy and Personality

摘要: 为探讨情绪粒度对身体表情识别的影响及共情的中介作用，本研究通过两项递进式研究展开实证检验。研究一(N = 201)采用问卷调查法，分析情绪粒度与人格特质、共情的关系；研究二采用行为实验法，考察情绪粒度对静态与动态身体表情识别正确率和反应时的影响，并检验共情的中介效应。结果显示：1) 积极情绪粒度(PEG)与消极情绪粒度(NEG)呈中等正相关(r = 0.367, p < 0.001)，且二者相对独立于大五人格(解释率 < 6%)；NEG与共情关注显著正相关(r = 0.189, p < 0.05)，共情关注对NEG有显著正向预测作用(β = 0.071, p < 0.05)。2) 情绪粒度对身体表情识别无显著主效应，但PEG与特定情绪存在交互作用：PEG与厌恶情绪识别正确率边缘显著交互(β = 0.205, p = 0.092)，与恐惧情绪识别反应时显著交互(β = 0.160, p < 0.05)；动态材料识别反应时显著长于静态(β = 0.217, p < 0.001)。3) 共情关注在NEG与消极身体表情识别正确率之间存在部分中介作用(中介效应值 = 0.069，95%CI = [0.012, 0.156])。研究表明，情绪粒度是独立于人格的认知情感能力，其对身体表情识别的影响具有情绪类型与呈现方式特异性，共情仅在消极情绪加工路径中发挥中介作用，为情绪识别的双通路理论提供了实证支持。

Abstract: To investigate the effect of emotional granularity on body expression recognition and the mediating role of empathy, this study conducted empirical tests through two progressive studies. Study 1 (N = 201) adopted the questionnaire survey method to analyze the relationships among emotional granularity, personality traits, and empathy. Study 2 employed behavioral experiments to examine the influence of emotional granularity on the accuracy and reaction time of static and dynamic body expression recognition, and to verify the mediating effect of empathy. The results are as follows: 1) Positive Emotional Granularity (PEG) and Negative Emotional Granularity (NEG) showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.367, p < 0.001), and both were relatively independent of the Big Five personality traits (explained variance < 6%). NEG was significantly positively correlated with empathic concern (r = 0.189, p < 0.05), and empathic concern exerted a significant positive predictive effect on NEG (β = 0.071, p < 0.05). 2) Emotional granularity had no significant main effect on body expression recognition. However, PEG interacted significantly with specific emotions: the interaction between PEG and the recognition accuracy of disgust was marginally significant (β = 0.205, p = 0.092), and the interaction between PEG and the reaction time of fear recognition was significant (β = 0.160, p < 0.05). The reaction time for recognizing dynamic stimuli was significantly longer than that for static stimuli (β = 0.217, p < 0.001). 3) Empathic concern played a partial mediating role between NEG and the recognition accuracy of negative body expressions (mediating effect value = 0.069, 95% CI = [0.012, 0.156]). This study demonstrates that emotional granularity is a cognitive-affective ability independent of personality. Its impact on body expression recognition is specific to emotion types and presentation modes. Empathy only exerts a mediating effect in the processing pathway of negative emotions, providing empirical support for the dual-pathway theory of emotion recognition.