翻译信息论的主体间性得失初探

A Preliminary Study on Intersubjectivity of Translation in the Framework of Information Theory

摘要: 本文梳理探究翻译信息论的起源与发展、概念与模型中主体间性的得失，发现奈达的信息论框架通过实证主义研究范式将翻译过程科学化，在形式上构建了作者、译者与读者的三元传输结构，却在哲学本质上将译者简化为被动的“转码器”，使其主体性受到“等效”目标的技术规训，遮蔽了翻译活动中本应存在的伦理对话、权力协商与文化调适等主体间维度。因此，该框架所呈现的主体间关系仅是一种工具理性支配下的形式关联，忽视了翻译学科的人文特质和精神内核。国内信息论研究在奈达理论框架的基础上对主体间关系进行了部分有益修复，尤其体现在信息传输模型重构与负载–容量矛盾的阐释中，在译者“转码”操作层面仍欠缺主体间性关照。本研究不仅是对翻译信息论框架的后实证主义补充，也试图为翻译信息论框架重建主体间的人文交互性提供理论可能。

Abstract: This study critically examines the implications of intersubjectivity through the historical development of translation studies in the framework of Information Theory as well as in its concepts and models. It finds that the framework renders translation a scientific process through positivist research paradigm. While establishing a triadic structure of “author-translator-reader”, it essentially reduces the translator to a passive transcoder and subordinates the translator’s subjectivity to the technical discipline based on the purpose of equivalence, thereby systematically obscuring the intersubjective dimensions of ethical issue, balance of power, and acculturation inherent in translation. Consequently, the intersubjectivity manifested in this framework operates merely as a formal relation dominated by instrumental rationality and neglects the humanistic essence and spirit of translation studies. Domestic research on translation studies in the framework of Information Theory has partially mended intersubjectivity within Nida’s original theoretical framework, particularly through reconstructing information communication model and expounding the load-capacity conflict. However, it still showcases insufficient consideration for intersubjectivity on the operational level of transcoding. This study not only offers a post-positivist supplement to the translation in the framework of Information Theory, but also attempts to provide theoretical possibilities for reconstructing its intersubjective humanistic interactivity.