新《公司法》股东双重代表诉讼规则的解释及反思

Interpretation and Reflection on the Shareholder Double Derivative Litigation Rules in the New “Company Law”

摘要: 在涉及多层次治理的母子公司体系中，若子公司管理层发生失当行为，母公司的股东为保障自身及公司整体利益，有必要借助股东双重代表诉讼机制寻求救济。本文系统梳理了该制度在美国、日本的演进路径及其在我国的引入过程，并立足于我国现行法律与实践，从诉讼主体资格、责任对象界定、程序前置要件以及诉讼利益归属等四个维度，对其具体适用规则展开分析。最后，本文对目前还不是十分完善的国内股东双重代表诉讼制度进行了审视，并提出了改善思路。

Abstract: In a parent-subsidiary corporate system involving multi-level governance, when misconduct occurs within the management of a subsidiary, shareholders of the parent company need to utilize the shareholder double derivative litigation mechanism to safeguard their interests and those of the corporate group as a whole. This article systematically traces the evolution of this system in the United States and Japan and its introduction process in China. Grounded in China’s current legal framework and practical context, it analyzes the specific application rules from four perspectives: the qualification of litigants, the scope of liable parties, pre-litigation procedural requisites, and the allocation of litigation proceeds. Furthermore, the article critiques the still-developing domestic shareholder double derivative litigation regime and offers suggestions for its enhancement.