“形神”之辨——晋唐人物画理论的形神关系探微

“Form and Spirit” Dilemma—A Delving into the Relationship between Form and Spirit in the Theory of Figures in Jin and Tang Periods’ Paintings

摘要: 形神关系一直是中国古典画论中所探讨的重要理论问题。从魏六朝时期开始，“形神”概念逐渐由哲学领域转向美学领域，其作为品评标准被广泛运用于古代的绘画艺术当中。“形神观”也贯穿于绘画实践，本文以晋唐时期(公元266年到公元907年)的人物画为例，追溯其形神关系的历史渊源，探究了晋唐时期人物画理论中“形”与“神”所蕴含的辩证关系，并阐述了晋唐时期形神理论对中国传统绘画体系建构的影响，总结出晋唐时期人物画理论中形神关系问题的共通性。

Abstract: The relationship between form and spirit has always been an important theoretical issue discussed in Chinese classical painting theories. Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, the concept of “form and spirit” gradually shifted from the philosophical field to the aesthetic field, and it was widely applied as a criterion for evaluation in ancient painting art. The “view of form and spirit” also runs through the painting practice. This article takes the figure paintings of the Jin and Tang periods (from 266 AD to 907 AD) as an example to trace the historical origin of the relationship between form and spirit, explores the dialectical relationship contained in “form” and “spirit” in the theory of figure paintings during the Jin and Tang periods, and elaborates on the influence of the form-spirit theory during the Jin and Tang periods on the construction of the traditional Chinese painting system, and summarizes the commonalities of the form-spirit relationship issues in the theory of figure paintings during the Jin and Tang periods.