循环农业视角下农业废弃物资源化利用的瓶颈与突破路径

Bottlenecks and Breakthrough Pathways of Agricultural Waste Valorization from the Perspective of Circular Agriculture

摘要: 在大力推进农业农村现代化的背景下，农业废弃物资源化利用是发展循环农业、实现可持续发展的关键环节。本文基于循环农业理论、生态循环原理与物质代谢理论，系统分析了当前我国农业废弃物资源化利用的现状、主流实践模式及其面临的挑战。研究表明，尽管我国在秸秆、畜禽粪污等废弃物综合利用方面取得显著成效，利用率稳步提升，但仍存在技术瓶颈制约高效利用、政策与市场机制不完善、社会参与度不足等突出问题。为此，本文提出强化科技支撑以突破技术瓶颈、完善政策引导与市场机制、提升主体参与度与认知水平等突破路径，为构建“资源–产品–废弃物–再生资源”的闭环循环体系，推动农业绿色低碳发展提供理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of vigorously advancing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, the valorization of agricultural waste serves as a pivotal link in developing circular agriculture and achieving sustainable development. Based on circular agriculture theory, ecological cycle principles, and material metabolism theory, this paper systematically analyzes the current status, mainstream practical models, and challenges confronting the resource utilization of agricultural waste in China. The research indicates that despite remarkable achievements made in the comprehensive utilization of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, and other waste streams, with a steady increase in utilization rates, prominent issues persist, including technological bottlenecks restricting efficient utilization, inadequate policy and market mechanisms, and insufficient social participation. To address these challenges, this paper proposes breakthrough pathways such as strengthening scientific and technological support to overcome technological bottlenecks, improving policy guidance and market mechanisms, and enhancing stakeholder participation and cognitive levels. These recommendations aim to provide theoretical reference and practical insights for constructing a closed-loop circular system of “resources-products-waste-renewable resources” and promoting the green and low-carbon development of agriculture.