个人信息利用与公共利益的冲突与平衡

Conflicts and Balances between the Utilization of Personal Information and the Public Interest

摘要: 数字经济背景下，个人信息保护与公共利益维护的冲突日益凸显。我国相关立法虽嵌入公共利益条款，但因公共利益界定模糊、主体权责不清、规则滞后等问题，导致实践适用困境。本文立足法理与实证分析，提出明确公共利益界定标准、规范多元主体权责边界、细化知情同意例外规则、完善监督救济机制等路径，旨在构建二者动态平衡的法治框架，为数字经济高质量发展与个人信息权益保障提供法律支撑。

Abstract: In the context of the digital economy, the conflict between personal information protection and safeguarding public interests has become increasingly pronounced. Although China’s relevant legislation incorporates public interest provisions, practical application faces challenges due to ambiguous definitions of public interest, unclear rights and responsibilities of involved entities, and outdated regulatory frameworks. Grounded in jurisprudential and empirical analysis, this article proposes pathways to clarify the criteria for defining public interests, delineate the boundaries of rights and responsibilities among multiple stakeholders, refine exceptions to informed consent rules, and enhance oversight and remedy mechanisms. These measures aim to establish a legal framework that fosters a dynamic equilibrium between the two, thereby providing legal support for the high-quality development of the digital economy and the protection of personal information rights.