|
[1]
|
Flower, D.R., North, A.C.T. and Sansom, C.E. (2000) The Lipocalin Protein Family: Structural and Sequence Overview. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1482, 9-24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[2]
|
Chandrasekaran, P., Weiskirchen, S. and Weiskirchen, R. (2024) Structure, Functions, and Implications of Selected Lipocalins in Human Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25, Article No. 4290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[3]
|
Kjeldsen, L., Johnsen, A.H., Sengeløv, H. and Borregaard, N. (1993) Isolation and Primary Structure of NGAL, a Novel Protein Associated with Human Neutrophil Gelatinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268, 10425-10432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[4]
|
Yan, L., Borregaard, N., Kjeldsen, L. and Moses, M.A. (2001) The High Molecular Weight Urinary Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Activity Is a Complex of Gelatinase B/MMP-9 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Modulation of MMP-9 Activity by NGAL. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 37258-37265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[5]
|
Flower, D.R. (1996) The Lipocalin Protein Family: Structure and Function. Biochemical Journal, 318, 1-14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[6]
|
Bratt, T. (2000) Lipocalins and Cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1482, 318-326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[7]
|
Liu, Q. and Nilsen-Hamilton, M. (1995) Identification of a New Acute Phase Protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 22565-22570. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[8]
|
Mori, K., Lee, H.T., Rapoport, D., Drexler, I.R., Foster, K., Yang, J., et al. (2005) Endocytic Delivery of Lipocalin-Siderophore-Iron Complex Rescues the Kidney from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 115, 610-621. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[9]
|
Cowland, J.B. and Borregaard, N. (1997) Molecular Characterization and Pattern of Tissue Expression of the Gene for Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin from Humans. Genomics, 45, 17-23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[10]
|
Nielsen, B.S., Borregaard, N., Bundgaard, J.R., Timshel, S., Sehested, M. and Kjeldsen, L. (1996) Induction of NGAL Synthesis in Epithelial Cells of Human Colorectal Neoplasia and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gut, 38, 414-420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[11]
|
Yang, J., Bielenberg, D.R., Rodig, S.J., Doiron, R., Clifton, M.C., Kung, A.L., et al. (2009) Lipocalin 2 Promotes Breast Cancer Progression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 3913-3918. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[12]
|
Hu, L., Hittelman, W., Lu, T., Ji, P., Arlinghaus, R., Shmulevich, I., et al. (2009) NGAL Decreases E-Cadherin-Mediated Cell-Cell Adhesion and Increases Cell Motility and Invasion through Rac1 in Colon Carcinoma Cells. Laboratory Investigation, 89, 531-548. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[13]
|
Goetz, D.H., Holmes, M.A., Borregaard, N., Bluhm, M.E., Raymond, K.N. and Strong, R.K. (2002) The Neutrophil Lipocalin NGAL Is a Bacteriostatic Agent That Interferes with Siderophore-Mediated Iron Acquisition. Molecular Cell, 10, 1033-1043. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[14]
|
Devireddy, L.R., Gazin, C., Zhu, X. and Green, M.R. (2005) A Cell-Surface Receptor for Lipocalin 24p3 Selectively Mediates Apoptosis and Iron Uptake. Cell, 123, 1293-1305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[15]
|
Mishra, J., Mori, K., Ma, Q., Kelly, C., Yang, J., Mitsnefes, M., et al. (2004) Amelioration of Ischemic Acute Renal Injury by Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 15, 3073-3082. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[16]
|
Zhang, J., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., LeRoith, D., Bernlohr, D.A. and Chen, X. (2008) The Role of Lipocalin 2 in the Regulation of Inflammation in Adipocytes and Macrophages. Molecular Endocrinology, 22, 1416-1426. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[17]
|
Huang, B., Jia, Z., Chen, Y., Fu, C., Chen, M. and Su, Z. (2025) Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Roles of Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in Tumor Progression. Oncology Research, 33, 567-575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[18]
|
Tian, T., Chen, G., Sun, K., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Wang, F., et al. (2024) Chanlinggao Alleviates Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage and Suppresses the Onset and Progression of Colorectal Cancer in AOM/DSS Murine Model. International Immunopharmacology, 143, Article ID: 113193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[19]
|
Yu, S., Li, H., Wang, C., Wang, W., Hsu, S., Hsiang, M., et al. (2025) Tumor-Derived Lactate Fuels the STAT3-LCN2 Pathway to Promote Bladder Cancer Malignancy and Chemoresistance. Scientific Reports, 15, Article No. 41610. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[20]
|
Zhang, J., Xu, Q. and Sun, G. (2025) Lipocalin-2 Promotes NSCLC Progression by Activating the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Journal of Translational Medicine, 23, Article No. 419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[21]
|
Li, A., Zhang, K., Zhou, J., Li, M., Fan, M., Gao, H., et al. (2024) Bioinformatics and Experimental Approach Identify Lipocalin 2 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicator for Lung Adenocarcinoma. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 272, Article ID: 132797. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[22]
|
Jin, T., Liu, M., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Xu, Z., He, H., et al. (2020) Lcn2-Derived Circular RNA (hsa_circ_0088732) Inhibits Cell Apoptosis and Promotes EMT in Glioma via the miR-661/RAB3D Axis. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, Article No. 170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[23]
|
Che, R., Wang, Q., Li, M., Shen, J. and Ji, J. (2024) Quantitative Proteomics of Tissue-Infiltrating T Cells from CRC Patients Identified Lipocalin-2 Induces T-Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation by Iron Efflux. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, 23, Article ID: 100691. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[24]
|
Tang, X. (2025) Prognostic Value, Biological Role, and Mechanisms of LCN2 in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. American Journal of Cancer Research, 15, 1759-1776. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[25]
|
Santiago-Sánchez, G.S., Pita-Grisanti, V., Quiñones-Díaz, B., Gumpper, K., Cruz-Monserrate, Z. and Vivas-Mejía, P.E. (2020) Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Lipocalin 2 in Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, Article No. 4365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[26]
|
Zhao, Y., Tang, X., Lei, T., Fu, D. and Zhang, H. (2024) Lipocalin-2 Promotes Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis by Enhancing Tumor Invasion and Modulating Brain Microenvironment. Frontiers in Oncology, 14, Article ID: 1448089. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[27]
|
Zhang, J., Liu, H., Wu, Q., Liu, T., Liu, X., Cai, J., et al. (2024) Exosomal ANXA2 Facilitates Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis by Activating Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells through Binding with TLR2. Cell Communication and Signaling, 22, Article No. 616. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[28]
|
Roweth, H.G., Malloy, M.W., Goreczny, G.J., Becker, I.C., Guo, Q., Mittendorf, E.A., et al. (2022) Pro-Inflammatory Megakaryocyte Gene Expression in Murine Models of Breast Cancer. Science Advances, 8, eabo5224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[29]
|
Shi, D., Zhao, Y., Zhao, X., Gong, Z., Liu, W., Li, P., Zhang, Y. and Luo, B. (2025) Epstein-Barr Virus Hijacks Redox Signaling via Glutathione Peroxidase 4 to Sustain Latency and Drive Gastric Cancer Progression. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 44, 85-102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[30]
|
Yang, G., Li, F., Hu, X., Li, M., Liu, Y., Zhu, G., et al. (2025) Exploration of the Role and Mechanism of Rhizoma Paridis Total Saponins in Osteosarcoma Based on SPI1/LCN2-Mediated Ferroptosis. Frontiers in Oncology, 15, Article ID: 1592862. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[31]
|
Saha, P., Yeoh, B.S., Xiao, X., Golonka, R.M., Kumarasamy, S. and Vijay-Kumar, M. (2019) Enterobactin, an Iron Chelating Bacterial Siderophore, Arrests Cancer Cell Proliferation. Biochemical Pharmacology, 168, 71-81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[32]
|
Hao, P., Li, H., Wu, A., Zhang, J., Wang, C., Xian, X., et al. (2020) Lipocalin2 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration in Ovarian Cancer through Activation of the ERK/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Life Sciences, 262, Article ID: 118492. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[33]
|
Gumpper, K., Dangel, A.W., Pita-Grisanti, V., Krishna, S.G., Lara, L.F., Mace, T., et al. (2020) Lipocalin-2 Expression and Function in Pancreatic Diseases. Pancreatology, 20, 419-424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[34]
|
Tong, Z., Kunnumakkara, A.B., Wang, H., Matsuo, Y., Diagaradjane, P., Harikumar, K.B., et al. (2008) Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: A Novel Suppressor of Invasion and Angiogenesis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Research, 68, 6100-6108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[35]
|
Yao, F., Deng, Y., Zhao, Y., Mei, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., et al. (2021) A Targetable LIFR-NF-κB-LCN Axis Controls Liver Tumorigenesis and Vulnerability to Ferroptosis. Nature Communications, 12, Article No. 7333. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[36]
|
Wang, Y.P., Yu, G.R., Lee, M.J., Lee, S.Y., Chu, I.S., Leem, S.H. and Kim, D.G. (2013) Lipocalin-2 Negatively Modulates the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through the Epidermal Growth Factor (TGF-beta1)/Lcn2/Twist1 Pathway. Hepatology, 58, 1349-1361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[37]
|
Lim, R., Ahmed, N., Borregaard, N., Riley, C., Wafai, R., Thompson, E.W., et al. (2007) Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) an Early‐Screening Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer: NGAL Is Associated with Epidermal Growth Factor‐Induced Epithelio‐Mesenchymal Transition. International Journal of Cancer, 120, 2426-2434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[38]
|
Feng, M., Feng, J., Chen, W., Wang, W., Wu, X., Zhang, J., et al. (2016) Lipocalin2 Suppresses Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Attenuating NF-κB-Dependent Activation of Snail and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. Molecular Cancer, 15, Article No. 77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[39]
|
Zhang, N., Ng, A.S., Cai, S., Li, Q., Yang, L. and Kerr, D. (2021) Novel Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer. The Lancet Oncology, 22, e358-e368. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[40]
|
Huang, Z., Rui, X., Yi, C., Chen, Y., Chen, R., Liang, Y., et al. (2023) Correction: Silencing LCN2 Suppresses Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Reducing EGFR Signal Activation and Recycling. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 42, Article No. 60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[41]
|
Yang, L., Chang, Y., Gan, G., Deng, W. and Li, S. (2026) Tumor-Derived Exosomes Carry LCN2 to Block Nedd4-1-Mediated SR-BI Ubiquitination, Inducing M2 Macrophage Polarization and Promoting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth. Functional & Integrative Genomics, 26, Article No. 19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[42]
|
Zhang, M., Wang, L., Zeng, L. and Tu, Z. (2021) LCN2 Is a Potential Biomarker for Radioresistance and Recurrence in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, Article ID: 605777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[43]
|
Zhu, Y., Zhang, J., He, D., Cai, H., He, Y., Yuan, L., et al. (2025) Lipocalin-2 Drives Brain Metastatic Progression through Reciprocal Tumor-Microenvironment Interactions in Lung Cancer. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 10, Article No. 417. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[44]
|
Xu, W.X., Zhang, J., Hua, Y.T., Yang, S.J., Wang, D.D. and Tang, J.H. (2020) An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis Revealing LCN2 as an Oncogenic Immune Protein in Tumor Microenvironment. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, Article ID: 605097. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[45]
|
Wu, J., Qian, P., Han, Y., Xu, C., Xia, M., Zhan, P., et al. (2025) GLP1 Alleviates Oleic Acid-Propelled Lipocalin-2 Generation by Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells to Reduce Polymorphonuclear MDSC Recruitment and Enhances Viral Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 22, 282-299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[46]
|
Morales-Valencia, J., Lau, L., Martí-Nin, T., Ozerdem, U. and David, G. (2022) Therapy-Induced Senescence Promotes Breast Cancer Cells Plasticity by Inducing Lipocalin-2 Expression. Oncogene, 41, 4361-4370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|