基于主动式压力保护技术的高海拔长大单线隧道动车组客室压力变化特征初步研究

Characteristics of Pressure Change in an EMU Cabin Passing through a High-Altitude, Long, Steep-Gradient, Single-Track Tunnel: A Preliminary Study on Active Pressure Protection Technology

摘要: 动车组行驶通过隧道时，车外压力会发生剧烈压力波动。当车外压力波动通过列车通风系统进、排风口和车体气密缝隙传播到客室内时，会造成客室内压力变化，引起乘客耳胀、耳鸣等不适感受。在高海拔低气压、高寒环境下客室压力舒适性问题更加严重。为保证客室压力环境舒适，动车组设有压力保护系统来减弱车外压力波动对车内的影响。文章构建了主动式压力保护系统下的车内压力计算模型，并通过实测数据对计算方法进行了对比验证。通过一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型得到了动车组不同行驶工况下的车外压力，研究了隧道长度、线路坡度和海拔高度对车内压力变化和风量变化的影响。该研究进一步为高速列车车内压力变化分析和压力保护系统设计提供了理论分析依据和数据支持。

Abstract: When a high-speed train passes through a tunnel, the external pressure undergoes significant fluctuations. When these external pressure fluctuations propagate into the passenger cabin through the train’s ventilation system’s inlets and outlets, as well as the airtight gaps in the train body, they cause pressure changes in the cabin, leading to discomfort such as ear fullness and tinnitus among passengers. In high-altitude, low-pressure, and high-cold environments, the pressure comfort issues in the cabin become even more severe. To ensure a comfortable cabin pressure environment, high-speed trains are designed with a pressure protection system to mitigate the impact of external pressure fluctuations on the interior. This paper constructs a calculation model for cabin pressure under an active pressure protection system and compares and validates the calculation method using measured data. Through a one-dimensional compressible unsteady isentropic flow model, the external pressure of the high-speed train under different operating conditions is obtained, and the effects of tunnel length, track slope, and altitude on cabin pressure changes and airflow variations are studied. This research further provides a theoretical analysis basis and data support for the analysis of cabin pressure changes and the design of pressure protection systems in high-speed trains.