新业态灵活就业人员参加养老保险的理性诉求、现实困境与优化路径

Rational Demands, Practical Challenges and Optimization Paths for Flexible Employees in New Business Formats to Participate in Pension Insurance

摘要: 随着经济形态的转型和数字技术的快速发展，灵活就业已成为中国劳动力市场的重要组成部分。本文聚焦新业态灵活就业人员的养老保险权益保障问题，以浙江省为例，通过问卷调查与深度访谈相结合的方式展开调研。调研发现，该群体在参与养老保险过程中主要面临制度适配性低、经济压力大、信息不对称及多元主体协同不足等现实困境。为有效破解上述困境，本文基于重构养老保险制度体系的视角，建议通过优化制度设计、实施精准财税激励、加强政策信息触达、推动组织化赋能以及创新数字治理模式等路径，提升新业态灵活就业人员养老保险参保比例，切实维护其合法权益。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of economic transformation and rapid digital technology development, flexible employment has become a significant component of China’s labor market. This study examines the protection of pension insurance rights for flexible employees in new business formats, using Zhejiang Province as a case study. Through a combination of questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, the research identifies key challenges faced by this group in participating in pension insurance, including low institutional adaptability, financial pressure, information asymmetry, and insufficient multi-stakeholder coordination. To address these issues, this study proposes a reconstructed pension insurance system framework. Recommendations include optimizing institutional design, implementing precise fiscal and tax incentives, enhancing policy information dissemination, promoting organizational empowerment, and innovating digital governance models. These pathways aim to increase pension insurance coverage among flexible workers in new business formats and effectively safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.