易地扶贫搬迁移民就业机会及其影响因素研究——基于贵州省赫章县的调查分析

Study on Employment Opportunities and Influencing Factors of Migrants Relocated for Poverty Alleviation in Inhospitable Areas—Based on the Investigation and Analysis of Hezhang County, Guizhou Province

摘要: 本文基于贵州省赫章县易地扶贫搬迁移民的实地调研数据，运用定性与定量分析方法，探讨搬迁移民的就业现状、核心影响因素及现实困境。研究发现，搬迁移民普遍面临就业能力不足、对公益性岗位依赖性强、产业结构单一、就业渠道狭窄等问题；物质资本、金融资本、人力资本、政策感知对就业机会影响不显著，而内生动力对就业机会具有正向促进作用，社会资本则对就业机会产生负向影响。基于此，本文提出激活移民内生动力、深化产业精准帮扶、完善数智化就业服务等针对性对策，旨在为推动易地扶贫搬迁移民实现“稳得住、有就业、能致富”目标提供理论参考与实践指导。

Abstract: Based on the field research data of relocated migrants in Hezhang County, Guizhou Province, this paper uses qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to discuss the employment status, core influencing factors and practical difficulties of relocated migrants. It is found that relocation migrants generally face problems such as insufficient employment ability, strong dependence on public welfare jobs, single industrial structure, and narrow employment channels. Physical capital, financial capital, human capital, and policy perception have no significant effect on employment opportunities, while endogenous motivation has a positive promoting effect on employment opportunities, while social capital has a negative effect on employment opportunities. Based on this, this paper puts forward targeted countermeasures such as activating the endogenous driving force of migrants, deepening the precise industrial assistance, and improving the digital intelligence employment service, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for promoting the goal of “stability, employment and prosperity” of the relocated migrants in inhabitable areas.