卫生健康高质量发展背景下贵州省农村妇女 乳腺癌筛查现状及对策

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Breast Cancer Screening among Rural Women in Guizhou Province under the Background of High-Quality Development in Health

摘要: 目前乳腺癌是全球女性癌症发病率及死亡率最高的疾病，严重威胁女性健康，其疾病负担在农村地区尤为沉重，乳腺癌筛查可明显降低乳腺癌死亡率。本文通过系统检索2008至2024年间贵州省农村妇女乳腺癌筛查相关文献，对其现状进行综述。结果显示，贵州省筛查工作与国家政策同步，覆盖面和参与率逐年提升，但存在显著的省内地区差异、总体知晓率偏低、高危人群管理薄弱、随访机制与信息化建设滞后等核心问题。这些问题与当地山区地理、多民族聚居、经济发展水平及人口流动等特征密切相关。基于此，本文结合贵州省具体情况，探讨移动筛查车运营、多语言健康教育、新媒体、低成本数字化管理、区域性筛查质量控制等具体化、本地化的优化对策，旨在为构建更高效、公平、可持续的筛查体系提供参考，助力卫生健康高质量发展。

Abstract: At present, breast cancer ranks as the disease with the highest incidence rate and mortality among women globally, posing a serious threat to women’s health. Its disease burden is particularly heavy in rural areas, and breast cancer screening can significantly reduce breast cancer mortality. This article systematically reviews relevant literature on breast cancer screening among rural women in Guizhou Province from 2008 to 2024, providing an overview of the current situation. The results show that the screening work in Guizhou Province is synchronized with national policies, with coverage and participation rates increasing year by year. However, there are significant core issues such as regional differences within the province, low overall awareness, weak management of high-risk groups, and lagging follow-up mechanisms and informatization construction. These issues are closely related to local characteristics such as mountainous geography, multi-ethnic settlement, economic development level, and population mobility. Based on this, this article discusses specific and localized optimization strategies such as mobile screening vehicle operations, multilingual health education, new media, low-cost digital management, and regional screening quality control, taking into account the specific situation in Guizhou Province. The aim is to provide reference for building a more efficient, fair, and sustainable screening system, and to contribute to the high-quality development of health care.