儿童髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关炎性脱髓鞘疾病的诊疗进展
Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases
摘要: 儿童髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病(myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, MOGAD)是一类独立于多发性硬化和水通道蛋白4抗体阳性的视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病。该病在儿童人群中发病率相对较高，临床表型多样，且不同表型与发病年龄密切相关，临床实践中易发生误诊或漏诊。本文系统综述儿童MOGAD在流行病学、发病机制、临床表型谱(包括核心及非典型表现)、诊断标准、新型生物标志物以及治疗策略等方面的研究进展，旨在加深临床医生对儿童MOGAD的认识，为其早期诊断及个体化治疗提供参考，从而改善患儿的长期预后。
Abstract: Pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a distinct entity of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases of multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. This disease has a relatively high incidence in children, with diverse clinical phenotypes, and different phenotypes are closely related to the age of onset, making it prone to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in clinical practice. This article systematically reviews the research progress on childhood MOGAD in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical phenotype spectrum (including core and atypical manifestations), diagnostic criteria, novel biomarkers, and treatment strategies. The aim is to deepen clinicians’ understanding of childhood MOGAD, provide a reference for early diagnosis and individualized treatment, and thus improve the long-term prognosis of affected children.
文章引用：黄楠凌, 马建南. 儿童髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关炎性脱髓鞘疾病的诊疗进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(3): 1543-1555. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.163937

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