银发经济：内涵演进、挑战与中国高质量发展路径

Silver Economy: Conceptual Evolution, Practical Challenges, and the High-Quality Development Pathway for China

摘要: 本文旨在剖析中国银发经济从“老龄事业”演进为国家战略的历程，梳理其内涵、现状与发展路径。通过系统梳理政策演变、分析规模扩张与市场矛盾，并借鉴德、美、日、新加坡等国经验，研究指出：当前中国银发经济虽在政策推动下快速发展，但仍面临“政策热、市场难”、需求不足、供给失衡及人才短缺等挑战。结论认为，必须突破传统养老思维，沿“需求激活–供给优化–科技赋能–人才保障”协同路径，释放多龄层消费潜力，推动产业集群与智慧养老创新，构建人才培养、支付体系与标准监管等支撑系统，从而将老龄化压力转化为“长寿红利”，实现经济与社会协调发展。

Abstract: This article aims to analyze the evolution of China’s silver economy from “elderly care initiatives” to a national strategy, outlining its connotation, current status, and development path. By systematically reviewing policy changes, analyzing scale expansion and market contradictions, and drawing on the experiences of Germany, the United States, Japan, and Singapore, the study points out that although China’s silver economy is rapidly developing under policy impetus, it still faces challenges such as “policy enthusiasm, market difficulties”, insufficient demand, supply imbalance, and talent shortages. The conclusion suggests that it is necessary to break through traditional pension thinking and follow a collaborative path of “demand activation—supply optimization—technology empowerment—talent safeguards” to unleash multi-age consumption potential, promote industrial clusters and smart elderly care innovation, and build supporting systems for talent cultivation, payment systems, and standard regulation. This will transform aging pressure into a “longevity dividend” and achieve coordinated economic and social development.