天然氢气藏赋存机理及成因机制

Occurrence Mechanism and Genetic Mechanism of Natural Hydrogen Reservoirs

摘要: 随着全球对清洁能源的需求日益增长，天然氢作为一种高效清洁能源，其巨大的资源潜力和可再生性，使其成为了实现能源转型和碳中和的关键能源。天然氢气藏赋存机理及勘探开发是天然氢资源开发利用的关键。文章通过调研全球天然氢气勘探开发现状及典型氢气藏赋存机理研究进展，归纳了天然氢的形成机制，分析了现阶段天然氢的勘探开发现状及典型氢气藏赋存机理，介绍了国内外典型氢气藏赋存机理及勘探开发现状，最后展望了我国未来天然氢的重点研究方向和勘探开发前景。研究认为深部流体活动区与断裂系统的耦合控制氢气运移通道，而白垩纪至第四纪多套地层均展现储氢能力，表明我国古老克拉通和新生代裂谷盆地具备勘探前景。本研究不仅完善了天然氢系统成藏机理的理论框架，同时为我国天然氢气藏的研究和勘探开发提供理论参考依据。

Abstract: With the increasing global demand for clean energy, natural hydrogen has emerged as a pivotal resource for achieving energy transition and carbon neutrality, owing to its high efficiency, immense resource potential, and renewability. Understanding the occurrence mechanism and exploration strategies of natural hydrogen reservoirs is critical for the effective exploitation of this resource. This paper systematically reviews the current status of global natural hydrogen exploration and the research progress regarding the occurrence mechanisms of typical hydrogen reservoirs. It summarizes the formation mechanisms of natural hydrogen, analyzes the geological characteristics of typical domestic and international reservoirs, and forecasts key research directions and exploration prospects for natural hydrogen in China. The study indicates that the coupling of deep fluid active zones and fault systems controls hydrogen migration pathways. Furthermore, multiple stratigraphic sequences from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary demonstrate hydrogen storage capacity, suggesting significant exploration potential in China’s ancient cratons and Cenozoic rift basins. This research not only refines the theoretical framework of natural hydrogen accumulation mechanisms but also provides a theoretical reference for the future research, exploration, and development of natural hydrogen resources in China.