人机协同翻译时代译者的角色转变研究述评

A Review of Research on the Changing Roles of Translators in the Era of Human-AI Collaboration in Translation

摘要: 随着翻译技术与人工智能的快速发展，人机协同翻译逐渐成为翻译实践的主要方式，译者角色亦随之转变。本文系统检索了翻译学相关领域国内核心期刊及国际期刊发表的文献，梳理了十余年来译者角色研究的发展脉络。相关研究经历从“起步期”对译后编辑认知本质的探讨，到“转型期”对能力体系构建的关注，再到“重构期”对大语言模型环境下风险治理与责任再分配的论述。译者角色总体呈现从“文本生产者”向“人机协同者”，进而向“高阶决策者”转变的趋势，其不可替代性主要体现在对隐性偏差的识别、规范性表达的裁定以及翻译后果的责任承担等方面。现有研究在理论整合、角色转变的动态特征分析、历史纵向梳理以及跨文化比较等方面仍有进一步深化空间。未来可从技术、角色与责任相互作用等方面推进相关研究。

Abstract: With the rapid development of translation technologies and artificial intelligence, human-AI collaboration has gradually become a major mode of translation practice, bringing about corresponding changes in the roles of translators. This study reviews the development of research on the translator’s roles over the past decade, tracing major theoretical perspectives and research trajectories. Existing studies have progressed from an initial phase focusing on the cognitive nature of post-editing (PE), to a transitional phase emphasizing the construction of translator competence frameworks, and further to a reconfiguration phase addressing risk governance and the redistribution of responsibility in large language model (LLM)-mediated environments. Overall, the change of translator’s roles demonstrates a shift from “text producer” to “human-AI collaborator,” and subsequently to that of a “high-level decision-maker”. The translator’s irreplaceability is primarily manifested in the identification of latent biases, the adjudication of normative expressions, and the assumption of responsibility for translational consequences. Nevertheless, existing research leaves room for further development in terms of theoretical integration, analyses of the dynamic features of role transformation, longitudinal historical inquiry, and cross-cultural comparison. Future studies may advance this line of research by examining the interactions among technology, roles, and responsibility.