评价理论视角下气候行动权威文本的积极话语分析——以联合国气候行动权威报告为例

On Positive Discourse Analysis of Authoritative Climate Action Texts from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory —A Case Study of UN Authoritative Climate Action Reports

摘要: 评价理论是系统功能语言学框架下聚焦人际功能的核心理论，是解析语篇中的态度立场与价值取向的工具。积极话语分析作为对批评话语分析的补充与拓展，倡导通过挖掘语篇积极语义资源推动社会和谐发展。联合国气候行动权威文本作为国际生态政治话语的重要载体，承担着推动全球气候治理对话与气候行动的关键使命。本研究选取联合国秘书长在联合国官方平台发布的气候行动权威报告作为研究语料，基于评价理论的态度、介入、级差三大系统，采用量化统计与质性分析相结合的方法，探究报告中积极评价资源的分布特征与建构逻辑。研究发现，报告中三大系统占比逐渐减少；三类资源通过协同作用，构建了“危机–机遇–行动”的积极叙事框架，为气候变化话语的跨文化传播提供了有效范式。

Abstract: Appraisal Theory, a core theory focusing on interpersonal function within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, serves as a powerful tool for analyzing attitudinal positions and value orientations in discourses. As a supplement and extension of Critical Discourse Analysis, Positive Discourse Analysis advocates promoting social harmonious development by exploring and excavating positive semantic resources in discourses. As an important carrier of international eco-political discourse, the UN’s authoritative texts on climate action undertake the crucial mission of advancing dialogue on global climate governance and galvanizing climate action worldwide. This study selects the authoritative climate action reports released by the UN Secretary-General on the official UN platforms as the research corpus. Based on the three major systems of Attitude, Engagement and Graduation in Appraisal Theory, it adopts a combined method of quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis to explore the distribution characteristics and construction logic of positive appraisal resources in the reports. The findings reveal that the proportion of the three systems shows a gradual decrease in the reports; through their synergistic interaction, the three types of resources construct a positive narrative framework of “crisis-opportunity-action”, which provides an effective paradigm for the cross-cultural communication of climate change discourse.