轻微犯罪记录有限封存制度建构路径

Construction Path of Limited Sealing System for Minor Criminal Record

摘要: 自醉驾入刑以来，轻微犯罪占比逐渐攀升，而犯罪附随后果的过度扩张直接导致轻罪不轻。轻微犯罪记录封存制度，为轻罪治理和当事人正当权益的司法保护提供了方向。轻微犯罪记录封存制度能够阻隔大部分非规范性评价带来的负面效应，有助于行为人回归社会。在制度设计上应以社会危险性为首要标准并秉持有限封存的理念，在启动方式上采取“依职权 + 依申请”双轨制，同时取消现有针对轻微犯罪人的前科报告义务，对因被封存犯罪记录泄露导致的机会丧失，允许向检察机关申诉，由检察机关向有关单位送达检察建议。

Abstract: Since the criminalization of drunk driving, minor offenses have taken an increasingly large share, while excessive collateral consequences of crime have led to over-punishment of minor crimes. The record sealing system for minor offenses provides a path for minor crime governance and judicial protection of the parties’ legitimate rights and interests. This system can block most negative effects from non-standard evaluations and help offenders reintegrate into society. It shall take social risk as the primary criterion and uphold the idea of restricted sealing, adopting a dual-track initiation mode: ex officio and upon application. The obligation to report criminal records for minor offenders shall be abolished. For opportunity losses caused by the disclosure of sealed records, offenders may appeal to the people’s procuratorates, which shall issue procuratorial recommendations to relevant entities.