核心素养导向下小学五年级学生数学分层作业设计研究——以《小数除法》为例

A Study on the Design of Tiered Mathematics Homework for Fifth-Grade Students under the Core Competencies Framework—A Case Study of “Division of Decimals”

摘要: 随着义务教育数学课程改革的不断深化，核心素养的培养成为小学教育的核心目标。五年级是小学生的数学思想由具体到抽象的转变时期，而数学作业是课堂教学的一种扩展和补充，它的设计好坏，将直接关系到核心素养的落实。目前，我国小学五年级数学作业“一刀切”“重量轻质”“以知为本”的教学模式，很难满足各层次学生的学习需要，也不利于学生的个性发展。本文以《小数除法》为研究载体，结合五年级学生的认知规律与学习特点，在系统梳理核心素养与分层作业相关研究成果的基础上，剖析当前作业设计的现存问题，依托布鲁姆教育目标分类学与SOLO分类理论构建分层作业设计的理论框架，通过具体学生案例的质性分析，提出核心素养导向下小学五年级数学分层作业的设计策略，旨在为一线教师优化作业设计提供实践参考，推动核心素养培养目标精准落地，促进各层次学生数学素养与综合素养的协调发展。

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of the reform of compulsory education mathematics curricula, the cultivation of core competencies has become a central goal of primary education. The fifth grade marks a critical period during which pupils’ mathematical thinking transitions from concrete to abstract. Mathematics homework serves as an extension and supplement to classroom teaching, and the quality of its design directly influences the implementation of core competencies. Currently, the prevalent “one-size-fits-all”, “quantity-over-quality”, and “knowledge-centered” approach to mathematics homework for fifth graders in China struggles to meet the diverse learning needs of students at different levels and hinders their individual development. Taking “Division of Decimals” as the research carrier, combining with the cognitive laws and learning characteristics of fifth-grade students, this paper combs the relevant research results of core competencies and tiered homework systematically, analyzes the existing problems of current homework design, constructs a theoretical framework of tiered homework design based on Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives and SOLO Taxonomy, and puts forward the design strategies of tiered mathematics homework for fifth-grade primary school students under the guidance of core competencies through the qualitative analysis of specific student cases. The purpose is to provide practical reference for front-line teachers to optimize homework design, promote the accurate implementation of the core competency cultivation goal, and facilitate the coordinated development of mathematical and comprehensive competencies of students at all levels.