中医芳香疗法治疗小儿腺样体肥大的研究进展

Research Progress on the Treatment of Pediatric Adenoid Hypertrophy with Traditional Chinese Medicine Aromatherapy

摘要: 小儿腺样体肥大(Adenoid Hypertrophy, AH)作为儿童常见上呼吸道疾病，临床以鼻塞、张口呼吸、睡眠打鼾甚至阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停为主要表现，迁延不愈可诱发腺样体面容、生长发育迟缓等远期并发症，严重威胁儿童身心健康。目前，西医以鼻用糖皮质激素、白三烯受体拮抗剂等药物保守治疗及手术切除为主，存在复发风险、药物副作用及家长对麻醉与手术的担忧。基于整体观念与辨证论治的中医，为本病提供了多样化诊疗思路。芳香疗法作为中医外治的重要分支，凭借其药物“芳香走窜、开窍通络”的特性，在缓解症状、协同治疗方面展现出独特潜力。本文系统梳理了以“虚气流滞”与“络虚邪瘀”理论为核心的儿童腺样体肥大中医病机认识，并在此基础上，深入阐述芳香疗法的中医作用原理与现代药理学依据。同时，从内服方药、外治技术(如香薰吸入、穴位贴敷)等多维实践途径，结合现代精油应用，构建其临床应用框架。本文指出，芳香疗法应作为中西医结合综合治疗方案中的重要辅助手段，其运用须基于准确的中医辨证与现代医学诊断，以确保治疗的安全性与有效性。

Abstract: Pediatric adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common upper respiratory disease in children, clinically characterized by nasal congestion, mouth breathing, snoring during sleep, and even obstructive sleep apnea. If prolonged and unhealed, it can induce long-term complications such as adenoid facies and growth retardation, posing a serious threat to children’s physical and mental health. Currently, Western medicine primarily relies on conservative treatments like intranasal corticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists, as well as surgical resection. However, these approaches carry risks of recurrence, potential drug side effects, and parental concerns regarding anesthesia and surgery. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), based on its holistic concept and syndrome differentiation, offers diverse diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives for this condition. Aromatherapy, as a significant branch of TCM external therapies, demonstrates unique potential in alleviating symptoms and providing adjunctive treatment, leveraging the properties of medicinal substances to “disperse via fragrance, open orifices, and unblock collaterals”. This article systematically reviews the TCM understanding of the pathogenesis of pediatric adenoid hypertrophy, centering on the theories of “Deficient Qi Flow Stagnation” and “Collateral Deficiency with Pathogenic Stasis”. Building upon this foundation, it elaborates on the TCM principles and modern pharmacological basis of aromatherapy. Furthermore, it constructs a clinical application framework from multiple practical approaches, including internal herbal formulas and external techniques (such as aromatic inhalation and acupoint application), integrating modern essential oil applications. This paper suggests that aromatherapy should serve as an important adjunct within integrated TCM-Western medicine treatment protocols. Its application must be based on accurate TCM syndrome differentiation and modern medical diagnosis to ensure treatment safety and efficacy.