常见中医外治技术治疗慢性呼吸系统疾病的临床应用与研究概况

Overview of Clinical Application and Research on Common External Treatment Techniques of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Respiratory Diseases

摘要: 慢性呼吸系统疾病(Chronic Respiratory Diseases, CRDs)是一类以气道慢性炎症、通气功能障碍为主要特征的慢性疾病，因其患病率、致残率和病死率较高，严重影响患者生活质量。当前西医治疗以控制气道炎症、对症处理、改善通气功能为主要方法，常用糖皮质激素、支气管扩张剂、抗生素等药物，但长期使用易产生耐药性、胃肠道不适、免疫功能下降等不良反应，且难以根治、复发率较高。中医外治法历史悠久，包括针刺、艾灸、拔罐、穴位贴敷等多种非药物干预方法，具有操作简便、副作用小、可长期干预的特点。本研究旨在系统梳理和总结常见中医外治技术在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、支气管哮喘、慢性支气管炎等CRDs中的临床应用现状，并探讨当前研究中存在的不足与未来发展趋势，为此类疾病的防治提供参考。

Abstract: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are a group of chronic conditions primarily characterized by chronic airway inflammation and ventilation dysfunction. Due to their high prevalence, disability rate, and mortality rate, they significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Current Western medical treatments primarily focus on controlling airway inflammation, managing symptoms, and improving ventilation function, commonly utilizing medications such as corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and antibiotics. However, long-term use can lead to adverse effects such as drug resistance, gastrointestinal discomfort, and decreased immune function, and these conditions are difficult to cure with a high recurrence rate. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) external treatment methods have a long history and include various non-pharmacological interventions such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and acupoint application. They are characterized by their simplicity, minimal side effects, and long-term intervention capabilities. This study aims to systematically review and summarize the current clinical application of common TCM external treatment techniques in CRDs such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, and chronic bronchitis, and to explore the deficiencies and future development trends in current research, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.