基于数字孪生的智慧农业环境监测系统设计与实现

Design and Implementation of a Smart Agriculture Environmental Monitoring System Based on Digital Twin

摘要: 随着物联网技术在现代农业生产中的快速普及，温室大棚的环境管理正加速向数字化与可视化方向转型。对于传统监测手段在建立环境参数与物理空间映射关系上的局限性，本文提出了一种基于云端协同与混合渲染架构的智慧农业监测系统。该系统在服务端构建了基于MQTT协议的发布/订阅消息处理机制，实现了海量异构传感器数据的实时汇聚与标准化解析；在移动端，通过构建虚实映射模型与射线检测算法，将实时环境参数动态叠加于轻量化三维场景中。该系统不仅能够有效降低三维可视化的硬件门槛，还能以毫秒级时延实现物理大棚与虚拟模型的同步，显著提升了农业生产管理的直观性与即时性。

Abstract: With the rapid adoption of IoT technology in agriculture, greenhouse management is shifting toward digitalization and visualization. However, traditional monitoring methods struggle to map environmental data to specific physical spaces. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a smart agriculture monitoring system based on cloud-client collaboration and a hybrid rendering architecture. On the server side, the system uses an MQTT-based publish/subscribe mechanism. This enables the real-time collection and standardization of massive data from diverse sensors. On the mobile side, the system employs virtual-real mapping models and raycasting algorithms. These allow real-time environmental parameters to be dynamically overlaid onto lightweight 3D scenes. This system effectively lowers the hardware requirements for 3D visualization. It also achieves millisecond-level synchronization between the physical greenhouse and the virtual model. Consequently, it significantly improves the intuitiveness and timeliness of agricultural management.