高海拔地区帕金森病认知障碍研究进展

Advances in Research on Cognitive Impairment of Parkinson’s Disease in High-Altitude Areas

摘要: 在人口老龄化加剧的背景下，帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)已成为全球第二大神经退行性疾病，其非运动症状，尤其是认知障碍，给患者身心健康带来严重损害的同时也给家庭带来沉重的负担，目前已成为临床及科研领域的研究重点。高海拔地区大气压力下降，氧分压低，机体缺氧状态导致大脑神经系统受损，长期暴露在高海拔低氧环境中会对人群认知功能造成负面影响。本文通过研究高海拔地区帕金森病认知障碍的相关研究进展，系统回顾其流行病学特征，以及缺氧环境下加速帕金森患者认知功能损伤的作用机制；整理与认知障碍有关的影响因素，总结药物治疗与非药物治疗等干预措施的应用现状，分析高压氧治疗等针对高海拔地区患者的辅助治疗方案。

Abstract: In the context of an aging population, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has become the second largest neurodegenerative disease in the world. Its non-motor symptoms, especially cognitive impairment, not only bring serious damage to the physical and mental health of patients, but also bring a heavy burden to the family. At present, it has become the focus of clinical and scientific research. At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure decreases, the oxygen partial pressure is low, and the body’s hypoxic state causes damage to the brain’s nervous system. Long-term exposure to high-altitude hypoxic environments will have a negative impact on the cognitive function of the population. In this paper, by studying the research progress of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease at high altitude, we systematically reviewed its epidemiological characteristics and the mechanism of accelerating cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s patients under a hypoxic environment. The influencing factors related to cognitive impairment were sorted out, the application status of intervention measures such as drug therapy and non-drug therapy was summarized, and the adjuvant treatment schemes such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy for patients in high altitude areas were analyzed.