资本、数据与劳动：电商高质量发展的内在矛盾及治理路径

Capital, Data and Labor: Internal Contradictions and Governance Paths for the High-Quality Development of E-Commerce

摘要: 近年来，电子商务正处在由规模扩张转向质量提升的关键攻坚阶段。平台资本的生态化垄断、数据要素的价值化进程与数字劳动的弹性化变迁，在驱动产业发展的同时，也引发了资本集中与创新普惠、数据权属与收益分配、算法控制与劳动权益之间的多重结构性矛盾。这些矛盾相互交织，构成了电商高质量发展的核心张力。为破解这些系统性难题，亟待构建超越单一要素优化的协同治理框架：通过强化反垄断与竞争政策引导资本服务实体经济，通过创新数据产权制度促进价值公平共享，通过健全劳动者权益保障体系应对算法管理挑战，最终需在政府、平台与社会的多元共治中，培育一个创新、包容、可持续的电商生态系统，从而为赋能实体经济、促进共同富裕提供坚实支撑。

Abstract: In recent years, e-commerce has been in a pivotal stage of shifting from scale expansion to quality enhancement. While the ecological monopoly of platform capital, the valorization process of data factors, and the flexible transformation of digital labor have driven industrial development, they have also triggered multiple structural contradictions, including those between capital concentration and inclusive innovation, data ownership and income distribution, as well as algorithmic control and labor rights and interests. These intertwined contradictions constitute the core tensions hindering the high-quality development of e-commerce. To address these systematic challenges, it is imperative to construct a collaborative governance framework that goes beyond the optimization of individual factors: guiding capital to serve the real economy by strengthening anti-monopoly and competition policies; promoting the fair sharing of value through innovating the data property rights system; addressing the challenges of algorithmic management by improving the labor rights protection system. Ultimately, it is necessary to cultivate an innovative, inclusive and sustainable e-commerce ecosystem through the multi-stakeholder co-governance of the government, platforms and society, thereby providing solid support for empowering the real economy and advancing common prosperity.