异质性企业协同集聚与地区新质生产力发展研究

Research on Heterogeneous Enterprise Synergistic Agglomeration and Regional New Productivity Development

摘要: 本文从要素配置与创新协同视角出发，构建异质性企业协同集聚影响地区新质生产力发展的理论框架，并运用2000~2019年中国270余个地级市及对应区域上市公司数据进行实证检验。研究发现，异质性企业协同集聚对地区新质生产力具有显著促进作用，这一结论在更换计量模型、子样本检验、调整变量测度方法等稳健性检验及动态面板GMM内生性处理中均稳健有效。异质性分析表明，独角兽企业集聚的赋能效应最为突出，瞪羚企业与雏鹰企业依次形成梯度支撑，三类企业的年度识别均基于当年财务指标与发展特征动态筛选，从源头上规避了幸存者偏差。机制分析显示，异质性企业协同集聚主要通过数据要素利用水平提升、机器人安装密度提高、专利创新能力增强三条路径传导，为新质生产力发展注入持续动力。本文研究不仅为各地通过优化企业集聚生态培育新质生产力提供实践方案，同时也为政府部门推动大中小企业协同融通、促进区域创新协调发展提供施策参考。

Abstract: This paper constructs a theoretical framework for the impact of heterogeneous enterprise collaborative agglomeration on regional new productivity development from factor allocation and innovation synergy perspectives, and empirically tests it using data from over 270 Chinese prefecture-level cities and regional listed companies from 2000 to 2019. The study finds that heterogeneous enterprise collaborative agglomeration significantly promotes regional new productivity, and this conclusion is robust in various tests and endogeneity treatment. Heterogeneity analysis shows that unicorn enterprise agglomeration has the most prominent empowerment effect, followed by gazelle and fledgling enterprises in a gradient. The annual identification of these three types of enterprises is dynamically screened based on current year financial indicators and development characteristics to avoid survivor bias. Mechanism analysis reveals that heterogeneous enterprise collaborative agglomeration promotes new productivity through three pathways: improving data factor utilization, increasing robot installation density, and enhancing patent innovation capabilities. This study provides practical solutions for regions to cultivate new productivity by optimizing enterprise agglomeration ecosystems and offers policy references for government departments to promote enterprise collaboration and regional innovation development.